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Год написания книги
2018
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I shall very soon find out the trouble.
Here the adverbs, very and soon, separate find from its auxiliary shall. The verb phrase is, shall find. The negative not very often separates the words forming a verb phrase. For example:
I will not go.
In this sentence, will go is the verb phrase.
When we use the auxiliary verb do to express emphasis, and also the negative not, not comes between the auxiliary verb do, and the principal verb. For example:
I do not obey, I think.
In this sentence, do obey is the verb phrase.
In interrogative sentences, the verb phrase is inverted and a part of the verb phrase is placed first and the subject after. For example:
Will you go with us?
You is the subject of this interrogative sentence and will go is the verb phrase; but in order to ask the question, the order is inverted and part of the verb phrase placed first. In using interrogative adverbs in asking a question, the same inverted order is used. For example:
When will this work be commenced?
In this sentence, work is the subject of the sentence and will be commenced is the verb phrase. If you should write this in assertive form, it would be:
This work will be commenced when?
By paying close attention we can easily distinguish the verb phrases even when they are used in the inverted form or when they are separated by other parts of speech.
LET US SUM UP
415. The elements of a sentence are the words, phrases or clauses of which it is composed.
A simple sentence is one which contains a single statement, question or command.
A simple sentence contains only words and phrases. It does not contain dependent clauses. The elements of a simple sentence are:
Exercise 6
In the following sentences, the simple subjects and the simple predicates of the principal clauses are printed in italics. Locate all the modifiers of the subjects and predicates, and determine the part of speech of each word in the sentence.
Sentences Nos. 1, 5, 6, 14, 15, 16, 18, 30, 31, 32 and 37 are simple sentences.
Sentences Nos. 2, 4, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 22, 26, 28, 33, 34 and 36 are complex.
Sentences Nos. 3, 10, 12, 21, 23, 24, 25, 29 and 35 are compound.
No. 8 is incomplete, having neither subject nor predicate.
No. 9 is incomplete, there being no predicate in the principal clause.
No. 20 is a simple sentence, with a complex sentence in parenthesis.
No. 27 consists of two dependent clauses.
In the complex sentences, draw a line under the dependent clauses.
"Br—r—r—r—r—r—r—r—r—."
1. What are the machines saying, a hundred of them in one long room?
2. They must be talking to themselves, for I see no one else for them to talk to.
3. But yes, there is a boy's red head bending over one of them, and beyond I see a pale face fringed with brown curly locks.
4. There are only five boys in all, on the floor, half-hidden by the clattering machines, for one bright lad can manage twenty-five of them.
5. Each machine makes one cheap, stout sock in five minutes, without seam, complete from toe to ankle, cutting the thread at the end and beginning another of its own accord.
6. The boys have nothing to do but to clean and burnish and oil the steel rods and replace the spools of yarn.
7. But how rapidly and nervously they do it—the slower hands straining to accomplish as much as the fastest!
8. Working at high tension for ten hours a day in the close, greasy air and endless whirr–
9. Boys who ought to be out playing ball in the fields or taking a swim in the river this fine summer afternoon.
10. And in these good times, the machines go all night, and other shifts of boys are kept from their beds to watch them.
11. The young girls in the mending and finishing rooms downstairs are not so strong as the boys.
12. They have an unaccountable way of fainting and collapsing in the noise and smell, and then they are of no use for the rest of the day.
13. The kind stockholders have had to provide a room for collapsed girls and to employ a doctor, who finds it expedient not to understand this strange new disease.
14. Perhaps their children will be more stalwart in the next generation.
15. Yet this factory is one of the triumphs of our civilization.
16. With only twenty boys at a time at the machines in all the rooms, it produces five thousand dozen pairs of socks in twenty-four hours for the toilers of the land.
17. It would take an army of fifty thousand hand-knitters to do what these small boys perform.
"Br—r—r—r—r—r—r—r—r—."
18. What are the machines saying?
19. They are saying, "We are hungry."
20. "We have eaten up the men and women. (There is no longer a market for men and women, they come too high)—
Here the adverbs, very and soon, separate find from its auxiliary shall. The verb phrase is, shall find. The negative not very often separates the words forming a verb phrase. For example:
I will not go.
In this sentence, will go is the verb phrase.
When we use the auxiliary verb do to express emphasis, and also the negative not, not comes between the auxiliary verb do, and the principal verb. For example:
I do not obey, I think.
In this sentence, do obey is the verb phrase.
In interrogative sentences, the verb phrase is inverted and a part of the verb phrase is placed first and the subject after. For example:
Will you go with us?
You is the subject of this interrogative sentence and will go is the verb phrase; but in order to ask the question, the order is inverted and part of the verb phrase placed first. In using interrogative adverbs in asking a question, the same inverted order is used. For example:
When will this work be commenced?
In this sentence, work is the subject of the sentence and will be commenced is the verb phrase. If you should write this in assertive form, it would be:
This work will be commenced when?
By paying close attention we can easily distinguish the verb phrases even when they are used in the inverted form or when they are separated by other parts of speech.
LET US SUM UP
415. The elements of a sentence are the words, phrases or clauses of which it is composed.
A simple sentence is one which contains a single statement, question or command.
A simple sentence contains only words and phrases. It does not contain dependent clauses. The elements of a simple sentence are:
Exercise 6
In the following sentences, the simple subjects and the simple predicates of the principal clauses are printed in italics. Locate all the modifiers of the subjects and predicates, and determine the part of speech of each word in the sentence.
Sentences Nos. 1, 5, 6, 14, 15, 16, 18, 30, 31, 32 and 37 are simple sentences.
Sentences Nos. 2, 4, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 22, 26, 28, 33, 34 and 36 are complex.
Sentences Nos. 3, 10, 12, 21, 23, 24, 25, 29 and 35 are compound.
No. 8 is incomplete, having neither subject nor predicate.
No. 9 is incomplete, there being no predicate in the principal clause.
No. 20 is a simple sentence, with a complex sentence in parenthesis.
No. 27 consists of two dependent clauses.
In the complex sentences, draw a line under the dependent clauses.
"Br—r—r—r—r—r—r—r—r—."
1. What are the machines saying, a hundred of them in one long room?
2. They must be talking to themselves, for I see no one else for them to talk to.
3. But yes, there is a boy's red head bending over one of them, and beyond I see a pale face fringed with brown curly locks.
4. There are only five boys in all, on the floor, half-hidden by the clattering machines, for one bright lad can manage twenty-five of them.
5. Each machine makes one cheap, stout sock in five minutes, without seam, complete from toe to ankle, cutting the thread at the end and beginning another of its own accord.
6. The boys have nothing to do but to clean and burnish and oil the steel rods and replace the spools of yarn.
7. But how rapidly and nervously they do it—the slower hands straining to accomplish as much as the fastest!
8. Working at high tension for ten hours a day in the close, greasy air and endless whirr–
9. Boys who ought to be out playing ball in the fields or taking a swim in the river this fine summer afternoon.
10. And in these good times, the machines go all night, and other shifts of boys are kept from their beds to watch them.
11. The young girls in the mending and finishing rooms downstairs are not so strong as the boys.
12. They have an unaccountable way of fainting and collapsing in the noise and smell, and then they are of no use for the rest of the day.
13. The kind stockholders have had to provide a room for collapsed girls and to employ a doctor, who finds it expedient not to understand this strange new disease.
14. Perhaps their children will be more stalwart in the next generation.
15. Yet this factory is one of the triumphs of our civilization.
16. With only twenty boys at a time at the machines in all the rooms, it produces five thousand dozen pairs of socks in twenty-four hours for the toilers of the land.
17. It would take an army of fifty thousand hand-knitters to do what these small boys perform.
"Br—r—r—r—r—r—r—r—r—."
18. What are the machines saying?
19. They are saying, "We are hungry."
20. "We have eaten up the men and women. (There is no longer a market for men and women, they come too high)—
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