Последний отзыв
Очень интересная!
По всем вопросам обращайтесь на: info@litportal.ru
(©) 2003-2024.
✖
Plain English
Автор
Год написания книги
2018
Настройки чтения
Размер шрифта
Высота строк
Поля
9. A cry of joy rings through the land.
10. The leaves of the trees flutter in the wind.
11. Great clouds of smoke float in the air.
Exercise 2
Note carefully the following simple sentences. Each of these groups of two words will suggest ideas and pictures to you. Lengthen each sentence by adding modifiers to the simple subject and to the simple predicate so as to make a fuller and more definite statement. For example: Ships sail. This is a simple subject and simple predicate. We add adjectives and an adjective phrase and adverbs and an adverb phrase as modifiers and we have, as follows:
The stately ships in the bay sail proudly away to foreign shores.
Snow melts.
Winds blow.
House stands.
Boys run.
Soldiers fight.
Tides flow.
Children play.
Ships sail.
Guns boom.
Women endure.
ANOTHER ELEMENT
407. You will note that all of these verbs which we have used in these sentences have been complete verbs as hang, grow, runs, fade, etc. A complete verb, you will remember, is a verb that does not need an object or a complement. It is complete within itself. It may be modified by an adverb or an adverb phrase, but when you leave off these modifiers you still have complete sense.
In any of the sentences above you may cross out the adverb or the adverb phrase which modifies the verb and you will still have complete sentences. For example:
Great clouds of smoke float in the air.
Here, the adverb phrase, in the air, may be omitted and still we have complete sense, thus:
Great clouds of smoke float.
408. The incomplete verbs, however, require either an object or complement to complete their meaning.
Incomplete verbs are of two kinds; those that express action and those that express state or condition.
An incomplete verb that expresses action requires an object which is the receiver of the action expressed in the verb, so we have another element which enters into the simple sentence, when we use an incomplete verb. For example:
The busy man makes shoes.
In order to complete the sentence, we must use an object with the incomplete verb makes. To say, The busy man makes, is not enough. We must have an object which is the receiver of the action expressed in the verb, makes. Verbs of action often have two objects. One object names the thing that receives the action and the other names the thing indirectly affected by the action. For example:
The tailor made him a coat.
409.Coat is the direct object of the verb made. But we have another object in the pronoun him. We do not mean that the tailor made him, but that the tailor made him a coat. Coat is the direct object and him is the indirect object. The indirect object is always placed before the direct object. The indirect object may be used as the object of the preposition to or for. As for example, this sentence might be rewritten to read, The tailor made a coat for him. In this sentence, him is not the indirect object of the verb, but is the object of the preposition for.
410. The direct object of the verb always answers the question what? As for example, the tailor made what?—a coat. The indirect object of the verb names the person or thing to or for which the act is done,—the tailor made a coat for whom?—for him.
The direct and indirect object become a part of the complete predicate of the sentence. There may be other modifiers also, as adverbs or adverb phrases, and all of these taken together form the complete predicate in the sentences where you have used an incomplete verb. As for example:
The tailor gladly made him a coat for the occasion.
The complete predicate is, gladly made him a coat for the occasion, formed of the verb made, the direct object, coat, the indirect object him, the adverb modifier, gladly, and the phrase modifier, for the occasion.
Exercise 3
In the following sentences, underscore the direct object with one line and the indirect object with two lines. The verb is in italics.
1. He gave her a book.
2. He wrote me a long letter.
3. Her father bought her a watch.
4. The nurse gave the patient his medicine.
5. The mother gave her daughter a present.
6. Give me time to think.
7. The clerk sold her a dress.
8. The teacher read the children a story.
9. The company furnishes the men food and shelter.
10. The man showed us his wounds.
Exercise 4
In the following sentences underscore the complete subject and the complete predicate. Notice especially the direct and the indirect objects of the incomplete verbs. The simple subjects and the direct objects are in italics.
1. A great many miles separate us from our friends.
2. The merry shouts of the children fill the air with music.
3. A gentle breeze brings us the perfume of the flowers.
10. The leaves of the trees flutter in the wind.
11. Great clouds of smoke float in the air.
Exercise 2
Note carefully the following simple sentences. Each of these groups of two words will suggest ideas and pictures to you. Lengthen each sentence by adding modifiers to the simple subject and to the simple predicate so as to make a fuller and more definite statement. For example: Ships sail. This is a simple subject and simple predicate. We add adjectives and an adjective phrase and adverbs and an adverb phrase as modifiers and we have, as follows:
The stately ships in the bay sail proudly away to foreign shores.
Snow melts.
Winds blow.
House stands.
Boys run.
Soldiers fight.
Tides flow.
Children play.
Ships sail.
Guns boom.
Women endure.
ANOTHER ELEMENT
407. You will note that all of these verbs which we have used in these sentences have been complete verbs as hang, grow, runs, fade, etc. A complete verb, you will remember, is a verb that does not need an object or a complement. It is complete within itself. It may be modified by an adverb or an adverb phrase, but when you leave off these modifiers you still have complete sense.
In any of the sentences above you may cross out the adverb or the adverb phrase which modifies the verb and you will still have complete sentences. For example:
Great clouds of smoke float in the air.
Here, the adverb phrase, in the air, may be omitted and still we have complete sense, thus:
Great clouds of smoke float.
408. The incomplete verbs, however, require either an object or complement to complete their meaning.
Incomplete verbs are of two kinds; those that express action and those that express state or condition.
An incomplete verb that expresses action requires an object which is the receiver of the action expressed in the verb, so we have another element which enters into the simple sentence, when we use an incomplete verb. For example:
The busy man makes shoes.
In order to complete the sentence, we must use an object with the incomplete verb makes. To say, The busy man makes, is not enough. We must have an object which is the receiver of the action expressed in the verb, makes. Verbs of action often have two objects. One object names the thing that receives the action and the other names the thing indirectly affected by the action. For example:
The tailor made him a coat.
409.Coat is the direct object of the verb made. But we have another object in the pronoun him. We do not mean that the tailor made him, but that the tailor made him a coat. Coat is the direct object and him is the indirect object. The indirect object is always placed before the direct object. The indirect object may be used as the object of the preposition to or for. As for example, this sentence might be rewritten to read, The tailor made a coat for him. In this sentence, him is not the indirect object of the verb, but is the object of the preposition for.
410. The direct object of the verb always answers the question what? As for example, the tailor made what?—a coat. The indirect object of the verb names the person or thing to or for which the act is done,—the tailor made a coat for whom?—for him.
The direct and indirect object become a part of the complete predicate of the sentence. There may be other modifiers also, as adverbs or adverb phrases, and all of these taken together form the complete predicate in the sentences where you have used an incomplete verb. As for example:
The tailor gladly made him a coat for the occasion.
The complete predicate is, gladly made him a coat for the occasion, formed of the verb made, the direct object, coat, the indirect object him, the adverb modifier, gladly, and the phrase modifier, for the occasion.
Exercise 3
In the following sentences, underscore the direct object with one line and the indirect object with two lines. The verb is in italics.
1. He gave her a book.
2. He wrote me a long letter.
3. Her father bought her a watch.
4. The nurse gave the patient his medicine.
5. The mother gave her daughter a present.
6. Give me time to think.
7. The clerk sold her a dress.
8. The teacher read the children a story.
9. The company furnishes the men food and shelter.
10. The man showed us his wounds.
Exercise 4
In the following sentences underscore the complete subject and the complete predicate. Notice especially the direct and the indirect objects of the incomplete verbs. The simple subjects and the direct objects are in italics.
1. A great many miles separate us from our friends.
2. The merry shouts of the children fill the air with music.
3. A gentle breeze brings us the perfume of the flowers.
Последний отзыв
Очень интересная!