Англійська мова. Теорія і практика. Займенник

what – що, який

whatever – що б не, (хоч) що-небудь

which – який, хто, який

whichever – який завгодно, хоч би який

whose – чий, чия

Вживання питальних займенникiв

З усiх питальних займенникiв тiльки who змiнюеться за вiдмiнками i мае форму об'ектного вiдмiнка whom, проте в розмовнiй мовi ii використання необов'язково.

Whom did you invite for your birthday? – Кого ти запросив на день народження?

Займенник which, на вiдмiну вiд what, передбачае вибiр мiж обмеженим набiром осiб або предметiв:

I’d paint my room in blue or yellow. Which of the colours do you like more? – Я б пофарбувала свою кiмнату синiм або жовтим кольором. Який iз цих (двох) кольорiв тобi подобаеться бiльше?

I have no idea what colour to use in my room. What colours do you like? – Поняття не маю, в який колiр пофарбувати свою кiмнату. Якi кольори (будь-якi) тобi подобаються?

Займенники whoever, whichever i whatever в питаннях передають здивування або обурення:

Whatever is this thing on the floor? – Що це таке на пiдлозi?

Вправа 24

Поставте необхiдний питальний займенник.

1. How … students are in the class right now? 2. … are you planning to leave? 3. … is that person next to you? 4. … are you writing a letter to? 5. … do you do for living? 6. … is the reason for your visit? We haven’t seen each other for a while. 7. … this book belong to? 8. … are you going after graduation? 9. … do you expect to be in five years? 10. … color do you prefer most? 11. … did you meet at the conference? 12. … pattern do you like? Both dresses look great. 13. … is your brother going to do with his job? 14. … did you go for the holiday? – We went to Spain. 15. … is responsible for guest accommodation in your hotel?

Вправа 25

Виберiть правильний варiант вiдповiдi.

1. The coach, (which/who) was appointed just last week, made no comment on the situation. 2. Isn’t that the street (which/where) the accident happened last night? 3. The human brain, (which/what) weighs about 1400 grams, is ten times the size of a baboon’s. 4. There are several reasons (where/why) I don’t want to talk to Mike. 5. This is the university (which/where) I work. 6. The new guy in our group (who/whose) name is Alex, seems really nice. 7. All the friends to (who/whom) the e-mail was sent replied. 8. February 14th (where/when) we express our love to each other, is known as St. Valentine’s Day. 9. A very popular breed of dog is the German Shepherd (what/which) is often used as a guard dog. 10. The unsinkable Titanic sank on its maiden voyage, (what/which) shocked the whole world.

Вiдноснi займенники

Вiдноснi займенники – пов'язують пiдрядне речення з головним, при цьому вони вiдрiзняються вiд сполучникiв тим, що е членами пiдрядного речення:

I know the lecturer who will make today’s report. (who служить пiдметом пiдрядного речення.) – Я знаю лектора, який сьогоднi буде робити доповiдь.

До вiдносних займенникiв належать:

who – який, хто

whose – чий, чия

which – який, хто

that – той, та, то

Займенник who позначае людей:

This is the engineer who has designed the new engine. – Ось той iнженер, який створив новий двигун.

Займенник whose вiдображае приналежнiсть живим предметам:

Do you remember the man whose car was stolen yesterday? – Пам'ятаеш людину, чию машину вчора викрали?

Займенник which (який, якого) вiдноситься до неживих предметiв:

He showed me the museum which was founded 400 years ago. – Вiн показав менi музей, який був заснований 400 рокiв тому.

Займенник that може ставитися i до живих, i до неживих предметiв:

The musician that won the award is Italian. – Музикант, який виграв премiю – iталiець.

I like the book that I bought yesterday. – Менi подобаеться книга, яку я прочитав вчора.

Вправа 26

Поставте необхiдний вiдносний займенник who, whose, which або that.

1. That is the shop … was awarded as the best shop in the city. 2. He didn’t follow the instructions … he was given, so he failed to pass the test. 3. The girl … brother goes with me to the gym is a good singer. 4. The girl … lived next door was very shy and couldn’t say a word to protect herself at school. 5. The man … broke into our house was caught in two days. 6. I need to buy a laptop … can work up to 5 hours without a charger. 7. She visits her grandmother … lives in the countryside every summer. 8. My father … is a doctor has no idea how to repair a car. 9. She was wearing a dress … looked like princess’. 10. The photo … is placed on the mantel was taken at the picnic two years ago. 11. The bookshelf … we bought last week has broken down. 12. The man … was sitting on the bench turned around and saw his granddaughter. 13. A woman … son was crying paid no attention to him. 14. The woman … car had broken down on her way home spent 3 hours waiting for help. 15. My best friend … I know for years will never let me down.

Вправа 27

Зробiть з двох речень одне, використовуючи who, whose, which або that.

That’s the dog. Its owner is French. – That’s the dog whose owner is French.

1. That’s the girl. She spoke to me yesterday. 2. What’s the name of the book? You want me to read it. 3. The hotel we stayed in. The hotel was very expensive. 4. I rent a house. It is very small. 5. The car was stolen. It was a BMW. 6. The man smoked forty cigarettes a day. He died of a heart attack. 7. That’s the building. I work there. 8. That’s the boy. His mother works in the post office.

Невизначенi займенники

Невизначенi займенники – використовуються, коли ви не знаете або не хочете точно назвати якусь особу. Вони позначають невизначений об'ект або об'екти.

До невизначених займенникiв вiдносяться:

some – дехто, деякi

something – дещо, щось, що-небудь

any – який-небудь, що-небудь

anything – що-небудь, все, що завгодно