Англійська мова. Теорія і практика. Займенник

Множина

1 особа – собi, себе, собою – ourselves

2 особа – себе – yourselves

3 особа – себе, собi, самi – themselves

Зворотнi займенники можуть служити для емоцiйного посилення

But you yourself saw it! = You saw it yourself! – Але ж Ви самi все бачили!

Зворотний займенник oneself можна використовувати стосовно до всiх людей:

The only thing I can recommend to achieve success is to treat oneself with self-criticism. – Єдине, що я можу порадити, щоб домогтися успiху – ставитися до себе з самокритикою.

Зворотнi займенники не використовуються пiсля дiеслiв feel, afford, wash, bath, shave, (un)dress, change (clothes).

I feel terrible. – Я страшенно себе почуваю.

I’d like to have a Porsche but I cannot afford it. – Я хотiв би мати Порше, але я не можу собi цього дозволити.

I dressed quickly, had my breakfast and left for work. – Я швидко одягнувся, поснiдав i поiхав на роботу.

Вправа 18

Поставте необхiдний зворотний займенник..

The water is hot, don’t burn …. – The water is hot, don’t burn yourself.

1. I am angry with … . 2. Can you do many things …? 3. You see you've cut … again. Be more careful. 4. He fell down and hurt … . 5. Does your friend Nick often talk to you about …? 6. I think that poor dog hurt … . 7. Tell me more about … . 8. Did your mother buy anything for … last week? 9. He came into the room and introduced … . 10. She believes in … . 11. Are you always sure of …? 12. We didn't know where to hide … . 13. We are sure of … . 14. Can a little child take care of …?

Вправа 19

Поставте необхiдний зворотний займенник.

1. She is very sure of … . 2. They did everything … . 3. Do you believe in …? 4. Children, you can't do that …. 5. Did you translate the text …? 6. Did the pupils answer all the questions …? 7. They always speak only about … . 8. I saw everything … . 9. Did you make the dress …? 10. We should always believe in … . 11. The knife was sharp, and she cut … . 12. Babies cannot look after … . 13. They introduced … . 14. I tried to control … .

Вправа 20

Знайдiть помилки в деяких реченнях i виправте iх.

1. My sister taught himself to swim. 2. Anna repaired the chair herself. 3. The children are making themselves something to eat. 4. I hurt me when I fell down the stairs. 5. We're meeting ourselves at 8.00 this evening. 6. We're enjoying ourselves very much.

Вправа 21

Дайте вiдповiдь на питання, маючи на увазi, що всю роботу люди зробили самостiйно.

Who bought that book for him? – He bought it himself.

1. Who cooked your breakfast this morning? 2. Who helped them to translate the text? 3. Who helped the little girl to dress? 4. Who helped you to find the way? 5. Who cleaned your classroom? 6. Who washes your clothes? 7. Who broke his tape-recorder? 8. Who built their house? 9. Who helped her to do maths? 10. Who planted the garden in front of your house?

Вправа 22

Заповнiть пропуски зворотними займенниками, де це необхiдно.

1. All our friends enjoyed … at his birthday party. 2. I often speak to … when I'm in bad mood and alone. 3. Polly and Nancy, help … to sweets and juice. 4. Concentrate … if you don't want to fail your exam. 5. They haven't decided yet where they'd meet … . 6. Little Polly is only two but she can dress … . 7. She got up, washed … and left the house without disturbing anyone. 8. I'm not angry with him. I'm angry with … . 9. Relax … when you dance. 10. They never think about other people. They only think about … . 11. Who went with her? – Nobody. She went by … . 12. Let's hide … under that tree. The rain is so heavy. 13. He feels … not well today. 14. Don't take him to the party. He'll spoil everything … . 15. We didn't know who that young guy was. He didn't introduce … . 16. It's windy, you may catch cold … . 17. Children, take the towel and dry … .

Взаемнi займенники

Взаемнi займенники описують взаемини мiж двома або бiльше особами або, рiдше, предметами.

До взаемних займенникiв вiдносяться займенники:

each other– один одного

one another– один iншого

За правилами традицiйноi граматики займенник each other може бути застосовано тiльки до двох осiб, а one another використовуеться вiдносно бiльш двох осiб.

Однак на практицi це правило часто нехтують. Обидва займенники змiнюються тiльки за вiдмiнком (each other’s, one another’s).

We think of each other as of a good, interesting opponent. – Ми ставимося один до одного, як до доброго, цiкавого суперника.

My hamsters keep stealing one another’s food. – Моi хом'яки вiчно крадуть один у одного iжу.

Вiдповiдний прийменник ставиться перед словами each або one:

We live too far from each other. – Ми живемо дуже далеко один вiд одного.

They are such good friends they will do anything for each other. – Вони такi хорошi друзi, що один для одного що завгодно зроблять.

Вправа 23

Знайдiть помилки в деяких реченнях i виправте iх.

1. John and Mary looked at each other. I would say he looked at her with admiration. 2. Peter and Susan have met each other. 3. Elka, Yvonne and Joanna gave each other a book. 4. Three children talked to each other. They stood next to my house. 5. My uncle and I talk to each other every day. Although his character isn't easy to bear. 6. She and her brother stopped talking and looked at each other. 7. John and his mother bought each other presents for Christmas. 8. My cat and his dog looked at each other with dread. 9. Barbara's three sons and their father hate each other. 10. I think that all people should love each other. No matter where they live.

Питальнi займенники

Питальнi займенники – використовуються для побудови спецiальних питань.

Вони позначають невiдомi запитувачу особи або предмети, якi повиннi бути названi у вiдповiдi на питання.

До питальних належать такi займенники:

who – який, хто

whoever – хто б не, який би не