Английский для экономистов (учебник английского языка)

Business is the exchange of goods and services, and money, on an arm’s length (objective) basis, that results in mutual benefit or profit for both parties involved. An individual engages in business because he or she believes that the rewards, or possible future benefits, of business are greater than risks, or possible future sacrifices, of business.

Business activities are events that involve making and carrying out the operating, investing, and financing decisions that deal with business assets or obligations.

In a profit-seeking business, there are three types of business activities that correspond to the three types of business decisions. Operating activities are the profit-making activities of the enterprise. They include those business activities that generate revenues, such as selling merchandise for cash or on credit or providing services for a fee. They also include activities that result in increased expenses, such as purchasing goods for manufacture or resale, paying wages, or combining goods and labour to manufacture products.

Investing activities include the purchase and a sale of long-term assets in addition to other major items used in a business’ operations.

Financing activities are activities that involve obtaining the cash or using other non-cash means to pay for investments in long-term assets, and to repay money borrowed from creditors, and to provide a return to owners.

SPEAK AND WRITE

1. Why are there so many organizations in today’s society?

2. Why is it important for managers to be knowledgeable about the macro environment?

3. How will tomorrow’s organizations be different from those today?

4. Do all organizations need structure? Give your reasons.

5. Define the terms authority and tell how it is related to formal and informal organizations.

6. Explain how responsibility, authority, and accountability should be related to each other in the ideal organization.

7. Take an organization with which you are familiar and see if you can explain the way it works (principles, goals, structure, objectives, climate, and so forth).

8. List each organization you belong to. Do they have any impact on your life? List and discuss each impact.

9. One successful sales company had a unique organization layout. At the top of the chart was the most important person in the whole operation – the customer. This labeled «customer» was linked with lines to boxes of functions dealing directly with the customer – sales person, technical service, order clerk, credit clerk, etc. Try to draw your own organization chart, starting with the customer.

10. Enumerate all the factors you would consider in creating a culture of your own business.

11. Because of its broad global environment, a number of disciplines (geography, history, law, economics, political science, anthropology) are useful to help explain the conduct of international business. Prove it with your own examples.

12. Do you agree with the adage: “You can’t get rich working for someone else”?

13. What should be regulated by government and what should be left to the private sector (education, health care, housing, social security, defense, public transport, sale of alcohol, tobacco, press, broadcasting, entertainment)? Why? Give your reasons.

14. Summarize the information of the Unit to be ready to speak on the topic “Organization”. The first step to be done is to write the plan of your future report.

15. Choose any question (problem, topic) relating to Organization and make a 7-10 minute report in class. Refer to different additional sources to make your report instructive, interesting and informative.

UNIT 3

MANAGEMENT

If the leader is good, the followers will be good.

Your vocabulary

Management

– the control and organizing of a business or other organization;

– those stuff within the firm who exert control over its activities on behalf of owners.

Top management

includes the chief executive of an organization, his or her deputy or deputies, the board of directors and the managers in charge of the divisions or departments of the organization.

Middle management

consists of the managers to whom top management delegates the day-to-day running of the organization.

Managing director

– company director responsible for the day-to-day running of a company. Second in the hierarchy only to the chairman, if there is one; the managing director is the company’s chief executive.

Manager

– a person controlling or administrating a business or part of a business.

Ex. 1.Do you know the meaning of the following derivatives? Show it with the help of your own sentences.

to manage; manageable; management; manager; manageress; managerial.

Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the words in italics.

1. The reserved the right to make managerial decision.

2. What you need is advice from your bank manager.

3. I wish you could manage the time to come and to talk to us.

4. Private banks are being nationalized, and are to be managed with workers’ participation.

5. They are part of my management team.

6. The baby can be greatly influenced by the parents’ management.

7. She has been working as the manageress of a bookshop.

8. It is perfectly manageable task to tackle systematically.

Ex. 2.Write down a synonym for each of the words on the left. Choose the one on the right. In what do they differ?

Ex. 3.The following words can be classified into 5 groups. What are they? Show the difference in their meaning with the help of your own sentences.

Choice, have, solve, dilemma, own, profit, posses, variant, cope with, to process, option, tackle, problem, handle, return, predicament, gain, alternative.