The British Barbarians

“O Frida,” the young man cried, bending forward and looking at her, “you know very well you’re the only person here I care for in the least or have the slightest sympathy with.”

Frida was pleased he should say so; he was so nice and gentle: but she felt constrained none the less to protest, for form’s sake at least, against his calling her once more so familiarly by her Christian name. “NOT Frida to you, if you please, Mr. Ingledew,” she said as stiffly as she could manage. “You know it isn’t right. Mrs. Monteith, you must call me.” But she wasn’t as angry, somehow, at the liberty he had taken as she would have been in anybody else’s case; he was so very peculiar.

Bertram Ingledew paused and checked himself.

“You think I do it on purpose,” he said with an apologetic air; “I know you do, of course; but I assure you I don’t. It’s all pure forgetfulness. The fact is, nobody can possibly call to mind all the intricacies of your English and European customs at once, unless he’s to the manner born, and carefully brought up to them from his earliest childhood, as all of you yourselves have been. He may recollect them after an effort when he thinks of them seriously; but he can’t possibly bear them all in mind at once every hour of the day and night by a pure tour de force of mental concentration. You know it’s the same with your people in other barbarous countries. Your own travellers say it themselves about the customs of Islam. They can’t learn them and remember them all at every moment of their lives, as the Mohammedans do; and to make one slip there is instant death to them.”

Frida looked at him earnestly. “But I hope,” she said with an air of deprecation, pulling a rose to pieces, petal by petal, nervously, as she spoke, “you don’t put us on quite the same level as Mohammedans. We’re so much more civilised. So much better in every way. Do you know, Mr. Ingledew,” and she hesitated for a minute, “I can’t bear to differ from you or blame you in anything, because you always appear to me so wise and good and kind-hearted and reasonable; but it often surprises me, and even hurts me, when you seem to talk of us all as if we were just so many savages. You’re always speaking about taboo, and castes, and poojah, and fetiches, as if we weren’t civilised people at all, but utter barbarians. Now, don’t you think—don’t you admit, yourself, it’s a wee bit unreasonable, or at any rate impolite, of you?”

Bertram drew back with a really pained expression on his handsome features. “O Mrs. Monteith!” he cried, “Frida, I’m so sorry if I’ve seemed rude to you! It’s all the same thing—pure human inadvertence; inability to throw myself into so unfamiliar an attitude. I forget every minute that YOU do not recognise the essential identity of your own taboos and poojahs and fetiches with the similar and often indistinguishable taboos and poojahs and fetiches of savages generally. They all come from the same source, and often retain to the end, as in your temple superstitions and your marriage superstitions, the original features of their savage beginnings. And as to your being comparatively civilised, I grant you that at once; only it doesn’t necessarily make you one bit more rational—certainly not one bit more humane, or moral, or brotherly in your actions.”

“I don’t understand you,” Frida cried, astonished. “But there! I often don’t understand you; only I know, when you’ve explained things, I shall see how right you are.”

Bertram smiled a quiet smile.

“You’re certainly an apt pupil,” he said, with brotherly gentleness, pulling a flower as he went and slipping it softly into her bosom. “Why, what I mean’s just this. Civilisation, after all, in the stage in which you possess it, is only the ability to live together in great organised communities. It doesn’t necessarily imply any higher moral status or any greater rationality than those of the savage. All it implies is greater cohesion, more unity, higher division of functions. But the functions themselves, like those of your priests and judges and soldiers, may be as barbaric and cruel, or as irrational and unintelligent, as any that exist among the most primitive peoples. Advance in civilisation doesn’t necessarily involve either advance in real knowledge of one’s relations to the universe, or advance in moral goodness and personal culture. Some highly civilised nations of historic times have been more cruel and barbarous than many quite uncultivated ones. For example, the Romans, at the height of their civilisation, went mad drunk with blood at their gladiatorial shows; the Athenians of the age of Pericles and Socrates offered up human sacrifices at the Thargelia, like the veriest savages; and the Phoenicians and Carthaginians, the most civilised commercial people of the world in their time, as the English are now, gave their own children to be burnt alive as victims to Baal. The Mexicans were far more civilised than the ordinary North American Indians of their own day, and even in some respects than the Spanish Christians who conquered, converted, enslaved, and tortured them; but the Mexican religion was full of such horrors as I could hardly even name to you. It was based entirely on cannibalism, as yours is on Mammon. Human sacrifices were common—commoner even than in modern England, I fancy. New-born babies were killed by the priests when the corn was sown; children when it had sprouted; men when it was full grown; and very old people when it was fully ripe.”

“How horrible!” Frida exclaimed.

“Yes, horrible,” Bertram answered; “like your own worst customs. It didn’t show either gentleness or rationality, you’ll admit; but it showed what’s the one thing essential to civilisation—great coherence, high organisation, much division of function. Some of the rites these civilised Mexicans performed would have made the blood of kindly savages run cold with horror. They sacrificed a man at the harvest festival by crushing him like the corn between two big flat stones. Sometimes the priests skinned their victim alive, and wore his raw skin as a mask or covering, and danced hideous dances, so disguised, in honour of the hateful deities whom their fancies had created—deities even more hateful and cruel, perhaps, than the worst of your own Christian Calvinistic fancies. I can’t see, myself, that civilised people are one whit the better in all these respects than the uncivilised barbarian. They pull together better, that’s all; but war, bloodshed, superstition, fetich-worship, religious rites, castes, class distinctions, sex taboos, restrictions on freedom of thought, on freedom of action, on freedom of speech, on freedom of knowledge, are just as common in their midst as among the utterly uncivilised.”

“Then what you yourself aim at,” Frida said, looking hard at him, for he spoke very earnestly—“what you yourself aim at is—?”

Bertram’s eyes came back to solid earth with a bound.

“Oh, what we at home aim at,” he said, smiling that sweet, soft smile of his that so captivated Frida, “is not mere civilisation (though, of course, we value that too, in its meet degree, because without civilisation and co-operation no great thing is possible), but rationality and tenderness. We think reason the first good—to recognise truly your own place in the universe; to hold your head up like a man, before the face of high heaven, afraid of no ghosts or fetiches or phantoms; to understand that wise and right and unselfish actions are the great requisites in life, not the service of non-existent and misshapen creatures of the human imagination. Knowledge of facts, knowledge of nature, knowledge of the true aspects of the world we live in,—these seem to us of first importance. After that, we prize next reasonable and reasoning goodness; for mere rule-of-thumb goodness, which comes by rote, and might so easily degenerate into formalism or superstition, has no honour among us, but rather the contrary. If any one were to say with us (after he had passed his first infancy) that he always did such and such a thing because he had been told it was right by his parents or teachers—still more because priests or fetich-men had commanded it—he would be regarded, not as virtuous, but as feeble or wicked—a sort of moral idiot, unable to distinguish rationally for himself between good and evil. That’s not the sort of conduct WE consider right or befitting the dignity of a grown man or woman, an ethical unit in an enlightened community. Rather is it their prime duty to question all things, to accept no rule of conduct or morals as sure till they have thoroughly tested it.”

“Mr. Ingledew,” Frida exclaimed, “do you know, when you talk like that, I always long to ask you where on earth you come from, and who are these your people you so often speak about. A blessed people: I would like to learn about them; and yet I’m afraid to. You almost seem to me like a being from another planet.”

The young man laughed a quiet little laugh of deprecation, and sat down on the garden bench beside the yellow rose-bush.

“Oh, dear, no, Frida,” he said, with that transparent glance of his. “Now, don’t look so vexed; I shall call you Frida if I choose; it’s your name, and I like you. Why let this funny taboo of one’s own real name stand in the way of reasonable friendship? In many savage countries a woman’s never allowed to call her husband by his name, or even to know it, or, for the matter of that, to see him in the daylight. In your England, the arrangement’s exactly reversed: no man’s allowed to call a woman by her real name unless she’s tabooed for life to him—what you Europeans call married to him. But let that pass. If one went on pulling oneself up short at every one of your customs, one’d never get any further in any question one was discussing. Now, don’t be deceived by nonsensical talk about living beings in other planets. There are no such creatures. It’s a pure delusion of the ordinary egotistical human pattern. When people chatter about life in other worlds, they don’t mean life—which, of a sort, there may be there:—they mean human life—a very different and much less important matter. Well, how could there possibly be human beings, or anything like them, in other stars or planets? The conditions are too complex, too peculiar, too exclusively mundane. We are things of this world, and of this world only. Don’t let’s magnify our importance: we’re not the whole universe. Our race is essentially a development from a particular type of monkey-like animal—the Andropithecus of the Upper Uganda eocene. This monkey-like animal itself, again, is the product of special antecedent causes, filling a particular place in a particular tertiary fauna and flora, and impossible even in the fauna and flora of our own earth and our own tropics before the evolution of those succulent fruits and grain-like seeds, for feeding on which it was specially adapted. Without edible fruits, in short, there could be no monkey; and without monkeys there could be no man.”

“But mayn’t there be edible fruits in the other planets?” Frida inquired, half-timidly, more to bring out this novel aspect of Bertram’s knowledge than really to argue with him; for she dearly loved to hear his views of things, they were so fresh and unconventional.

“Edible fruits? Yes, possibly; and animals or something more or less like animals to feed upon them. But even if there are such, which planetoscopists doubt, they must be very different creatures in form and function from any we know on this one small world of ours. For just consider, Frida, what we mean by life. We mean a set of simultaneous and consecutive changes going on in a complex mass of organised carbon compounds. When most people say ‘life,’ however,—especially here with you, where education is undeveloped—they aren’t thinking of life in general at all (which is mainly vegetable), but only of animal and often indeed of human life. Well, then, consider, even on this planet itself, how special are the conditions that make life possible. There must be water in some form, for there’s no life in the desert. There must be heat up to a certain point, and not above or below it, for fire kills, and there’s no life at the poles (as among Alpine glaciers), or what little there is depends upon the intervention of other life wafted from elsewhere—from the lands or seas, in fact, where it can really originate. In order to have life at all, as WE know it at least (and I can’t say whether anything else could be fairly called life by any true analogy, until I’ve seen and examined it), you must have carbon, and oxygen, and hydrogen, and nitrogen, and many other things, under certain fixed conditions; you must have liquid water, not steam or ice: you must have a certain restricted range of temperature, neither very much higher nor very much lower than the average of the tropics. Now, look, even with all these conditions fulfilled, how diverse is life on this earth itself, the one place we really know—varying as much as from the oak to the cuttle-fish, from the palm to the tiger, from man to the fern, the sea-weed, or the jelly-speck. Every one of these creatures is a complex result of very complex conditions, among which you must never forget to reckon the previous existence and interaction of all the antecedent ones. Is it probable, then, even a priori, that if life or anything like it exists on any other planet, it would exist in forms at all as near our own as a buttercup is to a human being, or a sea-anemone is to a cat or a pine-tree?”

“Well, it doesn’t look likely, now you come to put it so,” Frida answered thoughtfully: for, though English, she was not wholly impervious to logic.

“Likely? Of course not,” Bertram went on with conviction. “Planetoscopists are agreed upon it. And above all, why should one suppose the living organisms or their analogues, if any such there are, in the planets or fixed stars, possess any such purely human and animal faculties as thought and reason? That’s just like our common human narrowness. If we were oaks, I suppose, we would only interest ourselves in the question whether acorns existed in Mars and Saturn.” He paused a moment; then he added in an afterthought: “No, Frida; you may be sure all human beings, you and I alike, and thousands of others a great deal more different, are essential products of this one wee planet, and of particular times and circumstances in its history. We differ only as birth and circumstances have made us differ. There IS a mystery about who I am, and where I come from; I won’t deny it: but it isn’t by any means so strange or so marvellous a mystery as you seem to imagine. One of your own old sacred books says (as I remember hearing in the joss-house I attended one day in London), ‘God hath made of one blood all the nations of the earth.’ If for GOD in that passage we substitute COMMON DESCENT, it’s perfectly true. We are all of one race; and I confess, when I talk to you, every day I feel our unity more and more profoundly.” He bent over on the bench and took her tremulous hand. “Frida,” he said, looking deep into her speaking dark eyes, “don’t you yourself feel it?”

He was so strange, so simple-minded, so different in every way from all other men, that for a moment Frida almost half-forgot to be angry with him. In point of fact, in her heart, she was not angry at all; she liked to feel the soft pressure of his strong man’s hand on her dainty fingers; she liked to feel the gentle way he was stroking her smooth arm with that delicate white palm of his. It gave her a certain immediate and unthinking pleasure to sit still by his side and know he was full of her. Then suddenly, with a start, she remembered her duty: she was a married woman, and she OUGHT NOT to do it. Quickly, with a startled air, she withdrew her hand. Bertram gazed down at her for a second, half taken aback by her hurried withdrawal.

“Then you don’t like me!” he cried, in a pained tone; “after all, you don’t like me!” One moment later, a ray of recognition broke slowly over his face. “Oh, I forgot,” he said, leaning away. “I didn’t mean to annoy you. A year or two ago, of course, I might have held your hand in mine as long as ever I liked. You were still a free being. But what was right then is wrong now, according to the kaleidoscopic etiquette of your countrywomen. I forgot all that in the heat of the moment. I recollected only we were two human beings, of the same race and blood, with hearts that beat and hands that lay together. I remember now, you must hide and stifle your native impulses in future: you’re tabooed for life to Robert Monteith: I must needs respect his seal set upon you!”

And he drew a deep sigh of enforced resignation.

Frida sighed in return. “These problems are so hard,” she said.

Bertram smiled a strange smile. “There are NO problems,” he answered confidently. “You make them yourselves. You surround life with taboos, and then—you talk despairingly of the problems with which your own taboos alone have saddled you.”

IX

At half-past nine one evening that week, Bertram was seated in his sitting-room at Miss Blake’s lodgings, making entries, as usual, on the subject of taboo in his big black notebook. It was a large bare room, furnished with the customary round rosewood centre table, and decorated by a pair of green china vases, a set of wax flowers under a big glass shade, and a picture representing two mythical beings, with women’s faces and birds’ wings, hovering over the figure of a sleeping baby. Suddenly a hurried knock at the door attracted his attention. “Come in,” he said softly, in that gentle and almost deferential voice which he used alike to his equals and to the lodging-house servant. The door opened at once, and Frida entered.

She was pale as a ghost, and she stepped light with a terrified tread. Bertram could see at a glance she was profoundly agitated. For a moment he could hardly imagine the reason why: then he remembered all at once the strict harem rules by which married women in England are hemmed in and circumvented. To visit an unmarried man alone by night is contrary to tribal usage. He rose, and advanced towards his visitor with outstretched arms. “Why, Frida,” he cried,—“Mrs. Monteith—no, Frida—what’s the matter? What has happened since I left? You look so pale and startled.”

Frida closed the door cautiously, flung herself down into a chair in a despairing attitude, and buried her face in her hands for some moments in silence. “O Mr. Ingledew,” she cried at last, looking up in an agony of shame and doubt: “Bertram—I KNOW it’s wrong; I KNOW it’s wicked; I ought never to have come. Robert would kill me if he found out. But it’s my one last chance, and I couldn’t BEAR not to say good-bye to you—just this once—for ever.”

Bertram gazed at her in astonishment. Long and intimately as he had lived among the various devotees of divine taboos the whole world over, it was with difficulty still he could recall, each time, each particular restriction of the various systems. Then it came home to him with a rush. He removed the poor girl’s hands gently from her face, which she had buried once more in them for pure shame, and held them in his own. “Dear Frida,” he said tenderly, stroking them as he spoke, “why, what does all this mean? What’s this sudden thunderbolt? You’ve come here to-night without your husband’s leave, and you’re afraid he’ll discover you?”

Frida spoke under her breath, in a voice half-choked with frequent sobs. “Don’t talk too loud,” she whispered. “Miss Blake doesn’t know I’m here. If she did, she’d tell on me. I slipped in quietly through the open back door. But I felt I MUST—I really, really MUST. I COULDN’T stop away; I COULDN’T help it.”

Bertram gazed at her, distressed. Her tone was distressing. Horror and indignation for a moment overcame him. She had had to slip in there like a fugitive or a criminal. She had had to crawl away by stealth from that man, her keeper. She, a grown woman and a moral agent, with a will of her own and a heart and a conscience, was held so absolutely in serfdom as a particular man’s thrall and chattel, that she could not even go out to visit a friend without these degrading subterfuges of creeping in unperceived by a back entrance, and talking low under her breath, lest a lodging-house crone should find out what she was doing. And all the world of England was so banded in league with the slave-driver against the soul he enslaved, that if Miss Blake had seen her she could hardly have come in: while, once in, she must tremble and whisper and steal about with muffled feet, for fear of discovery in this innocent adventure. He held his breath with stifled wrath. It was painful and degrading.

But he had no time just then to think much of all this, for there sat Frida, tremulous and shivering before his very eyes, trying hard to hide her beautiful white face in her quivering hands, and murmuring over and over again in a very low voice, like an agonised creature, “I couldn’t BEAR not to be allowed to say good-bye to you for ever.”

Bertram smoothed her cheek gently. She tried to prevent him, but he went on in spite of her, with a man’s strong persistence. Notwithstanding his gentleness he was always virile. “Good-bye!” he cried. “Good-bye! why on earth good-bye, Frida? When I left you before dinner you never said one word of it to me.”

“Oh, no,” Frida cried, sobbing. “It’s all Robert, Robert! As soon as ever you were gone, he called me into the library—which always means he’s going to talk over some dreadful business with me—and he said to me, ‘Frida, I’ve just heard from Phil that this man Ingledew, who’s chosen to foist himself upon us, holds opinions and sentiments which entirely unfit him from being proper company for any lady. Now, he’s been coming here a great deal too often of late. Next time he calls, I wish you to tell Martha you’re not at home to him.’”

Bertram looked across at her with a melting look in his honest blue eyes. “And you came round to tell me of it, you dear thing!” he cried, seizing her hand and grasping it hard. “O Frida, how kind of you!”

Frida trembled from head to foot. The blood throbbed in her pulse. “Then you’re not vexed with me,” she sobbed out, all tremulous with gladness.

“Vexed with you! O Frida, how could I be vexed? You poor child! I’m so pleased, so glad, so grateful!”

Frida let her hand rest unresisting in his. “But, Bertram,” she murmured,—“I MUST call you Bertram—I couldn’t help it, you know. I like you so much, I couldn’t let you go for ever without just saying good-bye to you.”

“You DON’T like me; you LOVE me,” Bertram answered with masculine confidence. “No, you needn’t blush, Frida; you can’t deceive me.... My darling, you love me, and you know I love you. Why should we two make any secret about our hearts any longer?” He laid his hand on her face again, making it tingle with joy. “Frida,” he said solemnly, “you don’t love that man you call your husband.... You haven’t loved him for years.... You never really loved him.”

There was something about the mere sound of Bertram’s calm voice that made Frida speak the truth more plainly and frankly than she could ever have spoken it to any ordinary Englishman. Yet she hung down her head, even so, and hesitated slightly. “Just at first,” she murmured half-inaudibly, “I used to THINK I loved him. At any rate, I was pleased and flattered he should marry me.”

“Pleased and flattered!” Bertram exclaimed, more to himself than to her; “great Heavens, how incredible! Pleased and flattered by that man! One can hardly conceive it! But you’ve never loved him since, Frida. You can’t look me in the face and tell me you love him.”

“No, not since the first few months,” Frida answered, still hanging her head. “But, Bertram, he’s my husband, and of course I must obey him.”

“You must do nothing of the sort,” Bertram cried authoritatively. “You don’t love him at all, and you mustn’t pretend to. It’s wrong: it’s wicked. Sooner or later—” He checked himself. “Frida,” he went on, after a moment’s pause, “I won’t speak to you of what I was going to say just now. I’ll wait a bit till you’re stronger and better able to understand it. But there must be no more silly talk of farewells between us. I won’t allow it. You’re mine now—a thousand times more truly mine than ever you were Monteith’s; and I can’t do without you. You must go back to your husband for the present, I suppose,—the circumstances compel it, though I don’t approve of it; but you must see me again… and soon… and often, just the same as usual. I won’t go to your house, of course: the house is Monteith’s; and everywhere among civilised and rational races the sanctity of the home is rightly respected. But YOU yourself he has no claim or right to taboo; and if I can help it, he shan’t taboo you. You may go home now to-night, dear one; but you must meet me often. If you can’t come round to my rooms—for fear of Miss Blake’s fetich, the respectability of her house—we must meet elsewhere, till I can make fresh arrangements.”

Frida gazed up at him in doubt. “But will it be RIGHT, Bertram?” she murmured.

The man looked down into her big eyes in dazed astonishment. “Why, Frida,” he cried, half-pained at the question, “do you think if it were WRONG I’d advise you to do it? I’m here to help you, to guide you, to lead you on by degrees to higher and truer life. How can you imagine I’d ask you to do anything on earth unless I felt perfectly sure and convinced it was the very most right and proper conduct?”

His arm stole round her waist and drew her tenderly towards him. Frida allowed the caress passively. There was a robust frankness about his love-making that seemed to rob it of all taint or tinge of evil. Then he caught her bodily in his arms like a man who has never associated the purest and noblest of human passions with any lower thought, any baser personality. He had not taken his first lessons in the art of love from the wearied lips of joyless courtesans whom his own kind had debased and unsexed and degraded out of all semblance of womanhood. He bent over the woman of his choice and kissed her with chaste warmth. On the forehead first, then, after a short interval, twice on the lips. At each kiss, from which she somehow did not shrink, as if recognising its purity, Frida felt a strange thrill course through and through her. She quivered from head to foot. The scales fell from her eyes. The taboos of her race grew null and void within her. She looked up at him more boldly. “O Bertram,” she whispered, nestling close to his side, and burying her blushing face in the man’s curved bosom, “I don’t know what you’ve done to me, but I feel quite different—as if I’d eaten the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil.”

“I hope you have,” Bertram answered, in a very solemn voice; “for, Frida, you will need it.” He pressed her close against his breast; and Frida Monteith, a free woman at last, clung there many minutes with no vile inherited sense of shame or wrongfulness. “I can’t bear to go,” she cried, still clinging to him and clutching him tight. “I’m so happy here, Bertram; oh, so happy, so happy!”

“Then why go away at all?” Bertram asked, quite simply.