The American Missionary. Volume 43, No. 03, March, 1889

TO THE PASTORS AND CHURCHES

Dear Brethren: The work of this Association requires $1,000 per day. The receipts for the first four months of our fiscal year have been only about $800 a day. Here is the germ of a debt. Unless it is chilled and destroyed in the vigorous months of March, April and May, when the churches are full and active, it will, during the hot summer months, when the audiences are thin, grow rapidly, and develop its bitter fruit—a great deficit. The coming three months will be the test. We are the servants of the churches and are doing their work, and we are confident that they intend to give us the means to carry it forward.

We, therefore, appeal to the pastors whose collections come during these three months, or whose collections can conveniently be brought within these three months, to lend us their great help by emphasizing our needs when the collections are taken, and we appeal to our patrons that they will, both in their church collections or by their special donations, come to our aid in a time when that aid will be so beneficial.

A CALL FOR ENLISTMENT

Perhaps we never shall cease our urgent appeals for the "sinews of war." The growing work of this Association requires increasing funds to meet the enlarged demand. But we are beginning to feel the need of a greater force in the field. We sound forth the bugle note calling for recruits for the army of the Lord in our glorious warfare. We appeal to students in theological seminaries, colleges, normal schools and female seminaries, to consider the claims of this great work. We make this appeal with special urgency to the Congregational institutions of the land, for it is from this body of Christians that we receive nearly all the funds with which we carry on our work, and there is a special fitness that the sons and daughters of these churches should enter the field for which the funds are contributed.

But we wish to make a distinct announcement in connection with this appeal. We wish only to "get the best." The needy people for whom we labor have suffered such privations, and such absolute destitution of all adequate religious instruction, that we feel they are now entitled to as good as can be given them. We send no teachers to the field that are incompetent and without adequate experience. We do not believe that everybody is qualified to teach the Negroes, at least it is not fair to them, that we should employ those who cannot find occupation anywhere else. Good health, good training, good powers of discipline, a missionary spirit and a membership in some evangelical church, are the absolute essentials for all persons that we employ. We call for recruits, but we ask for only those that are well equipped, courageous and ready to endure hardness as good soldiers of Christ.

"I was an officer in the 5th United States Colored Troops, the first colored regiment raised west of the Alleghenies, just before the massacre of colored troops at Fort Pillow, and knowing so much of the fidelity and valor and good service of those troops in the war to the Nation, to which they then owed so little, I have special interest in the enlightenment and uplifting of the colored race in the South."

In the last month's Missionary, we published some statements showing that persons declined to contribute to our treasury because we had been so enriched by the Daniel Hand Fund. It gives us pleasure to know that all our patrons do not take this view of the matter, as will be seen from the following extract from the letter of a practical business man:

"If A.M.A. means A Million Accepted, I hope you will be able to write it once a year till you can build churches, school-houses and colleges all through the South, but not enough to take away from the churches of the North and East the privilege of helping the poor and needy till they are able to take care of themselves."

Rev. Chas. H. McIntosh has for some months assisted Dr. Roy in collecting funds for the Association, using a stereopticon as a means of illustrating his lectures on the varied phases of our work.

Pastor Leeper of Red Oak, Iowa, writes: "We were much pleased with Brother McIntosh's lecture and exhibit. He does well, and makes in every way a good impression. The lantern works promptly and makes clear pictures. That mode of presenting the work is the best I have seen. The people will not soon forget what they saw and heard. They were surprised to know that the A.M.A. is doing so extensive a work. I had often preached on the subject, but pictures make the facts stand out so much more vividly. We had crowded houses."

Rev. J.B. Chase, of Hull, Iowa, wishes to complete his files of the American Missionary to have them bound for a public library. If any of our readers have the numbers for August and September, 1880, and April, 1878, that they can spare and willingly give, it would be a favor to us if they would mail them to the above address. Our edition for those months is exhausted.

THE SUPREMACY OF THE WHITE RACE IN THE SOUTH

Never since the days of reconstruction and of the adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution, has the question of the equal suffrage of the races in the South awakened public attention as it does now. In many quarters, some of them very influential, the right of the Negro to a fair vote and a fair count is strenuously advocated. On the other hand, the supremacy of the whites as the ruling race in the South is set forth by leading Southern men more distinctly than ever before.

Col. Grady, of Atlanta, in his famous speech at Dallas, Texas, urges this in these emphatic terms:

Standing in the presence of this multitude, sobered with the responsibility of the message I deliver to the young men of the South, I declare that the truth above all others to be worn unsullied and sacred in your hearts, to be surrendered to no force, sold for no price, compromised in no necessity, but cherished and defended as the covenant of your prosperity, and the pledge of peace to your children, is that the white race must dominate forever in the South, because it is the white race, and superior to that race with which its supremacy is threatened.

Hon. W.C.P. Breckinridge, member of Congress from Kentucky, and many other prominent men in the South, express the same sentiment, so that this may be regarded as the ultimatum of Southern popular requirement.

The most obvious way is that which is in use at present, the intimidation of the colored man and the manipulation of the ballot-box. But against this the sober second thought of the South itself begins to revolt. Thus a paper so thoroughly Southern as the Charleston News and Courier utters this salutary and emphatic protest:

"It appals thinking men to know and see that the present generation and the rising generation of white men in the South are taught in practice that republican institutions are a failure, and that elections are to be carried, not by the honest vote of a fair majority, but by campaigning, which begins with rank intimidation and ends with subterfuge and evasion. The white people suffer more by the trickery and malfeasance by which they score victory than the colored people suffer. The supremacy of what, for convenience, is called Anglo-Saxon civilization, though there is little of the Anglo-Saxon manner or of civilization in the mode of securing it, must and will be maintained, but it can be maintained without sectional divisions in politics and without the maintenance of radical lines at elections."

As these old methods are beginning to find little favor with the South itself, a multitude of other schemes are brought to the front.

The Age-Herald, of Birmingham, Ala., claims a patent (which it says others are infringing) for the scheme which it thus sets forth:

"The Negroes could be induced to emigrate to a Western Territory, if it were set apart for their especial use without any force being used to compel them to go."

A writer in the Richmond Dispatch proposes that the Negroes in the South be induced to voluntarily emigrate to Brazil, Mexico or other countries where they are wanted, and even the old plan of fifty years ago, to return them to Africa is again brought forward. To this last suggestion, the Yonkers Statesman replies:

The notion that the black can be successfully re-shipped to Africa dies hard; but there are few things plainer than that he has no desire and no purpose to be thus disposed of, but regards this land as being as much his as it is the white man's. It would be hard to dispute his title, grounded as it is in age and effective service. The Negro believes he belongs here, and here he means to remain; and the prospect that his mind can be changed is certainly not very cheering.

The Times-Democrat of New Orleans thinks that the true solution is white immigration, but the Daily Express of San Antonio, Texas, replies: "The principal objection to this scheme is that the Negro will not go till the white immigrants come, and the white immigrants will not come until the Negro goes."

Congressman Oates, of Alabama, advocates the disfranchisement of the Negroes, or rather as a Democrat he suggests that the Republicans do it. He says that as the Republicans gave him the ballot, the South would cheerfully acquiesce if they should take it away from him. But it is not likely that the Republican administration will lead off in such a movement. Indeed, from present appearances, the new President is looking in exactly the opposite direction.

There are men, however, in the South, wise, conscientious and "to the manner born," who take entirely different views of this great problem. The Hon. J.L.M. Curry, once a General in the Confederate Army, subsequently the efficient Secretary of the Peabody Fund, more recently our Minister in Spain, and now again at his post as Secretary of the Peabody Fund, utters himself in this forcible language:

"I want to say to you, in perfect frankness, that the man who thinks the Negro problem has been settled is either a fanatic or a fool. I stand aghast at the problem. I don't believe civilization ever encountered one of greater magnitude. It casts a dark shadow over your churches, your government of the future. It is a great problem which will tax your energies. Your ancestors and mine a few years ago were cannibals and pagans. They have become what they are, not by virtue of white skin, but by improving government and good laws. You let the Negro children get an education where yours do not, let the Negro be superior to you in culture and property, and you will have a black man's government. Improvement, cultivation, education is the secret, the condition and guarantee of race supremacy. I will astonish you, perhaps, by saying that if the Negro develops and becomes in culture, property and civilization, superior to the white man, the Negro ought to rule. You see to it that he does not become so. The responsibility rests with you."

Rev. A.G. Haygood, D.D., Secretary of the Slater Fund, closes a review of Senator Eustis's recent paper in these earnest words:

Whatever political theory men form or oppose; whatever their speculative opinions about the origin of races; whatever their notions concerning color or caste; whatever their relations heretofore to slavery and what went along with it, this is absolutely certain: no question involving the rights and wrongs of men, civilized or savage, white or black, was ever yet settled so that it would stay settled by any system of mere repression. And to those who believe in Jesus Christ it is equally certain that nothing can be rightly settled that is not settled in harmony with the teachings of the Sermon on the Mount. If there be a Divine Providence no good man need be afraid to do right to-day; nay, he will fear only doing wrong.

THE TRAINING OF COLORED STUDENTS FOR THE EPISCOPAL MINISTRY

A very interesting discussion occurred in the Missionary Council of the Episcopal Church, held in Washington, D.C., November 13th and 14th, in regard to the education of colored students for the ministry in the Episcopal Church. The motive for not educating them in the existing Episcopal Seminaries appeared to be simply the caste-prejudice, and some marked utterances and facts were given on that subject, which we wish to preserve.

The Bishop of Kentucky, whose generous feelings toward the colored race we have had occasion to notice heretofore, quoted from another, and endorsed for himself, the declaration: "The white man is not fit to study for the ministry who is not ready to have his black brother sit by him in the class room," and he subsequently added: "I believe I can speak for my brothers, and I say out of my heart I would just as soon sit by the side of a black man if he were in the House of Bishops, as one of my white brothers." But yet the Bishop suggested and endorsed the plan for the separate education of colored students, for two reasons: (1) "The power of heredity is not to be overthrown in a day nor an hour… This subtle spirit of caste is perhaps the demon hardest to cast out of the human spirit, the one that requires the most prayer and fasting, without which it will not go out," and (2) "It is certainly true that the colored men themselves do not want to go there. It is just as true that the white men do not want to have them there."

As to the first point, it is to be regretted that the good Bishop did not give himself to fasting and prayer to cast out this malignant demon, rather than to yield to it, and that he did not heed the words which Jesus uttered when his disciples could not cast out a demon, "Bring him hither to me." If bishops and churches will only bring this demon of caste to Jesus, the work will be done.

The Bishop's second point, that the colored people desired the separation, was pointedly answered by Dr. Crummell (rector of St. Luke's Colored Church, Washington,) who was invited to speak on the subject. Dr. Crummell said: "I do not think that any man in this country has seen any statement by any number of black men or black students that they wanted to be by themselves. I do not think such an utterance can be found among the race. I myself never heard such a thing, and wherever they have had entrance to other schools they have gone to them."

The decision reached by the Council was to erect, in connection with some of the colored universities in the South, a hall under Episcopal control for colored Episcopal students for the ministry, who should also attend the college classes in the University. So far as the principle is concerned, we regret this decision. How much better if the wealthy and intelligent Episcopal Church in this country had lent its vast influence in repudiating the spirit of caste by introducing colored theological students into its own excellent seminaries.

A MONTHLY CONCERT AND SUPPLEMENT

Do they say the monthly concert is dull? If so, it is likely owing to one or two causes like the following, (1) Perhaps only two or three families take any missionary Magazine, hence but little information can be expected. People are not interested in what they know nothing of. Or, (2) there is a lack of preparation and purpose to make the meeting interesting on the part of those to whom the leader ought to look for help.

However, our last meeting took a rather interesting turn. It had been of the average sort only, when towards the close one of the ladies spoke of a call among the Freedmen for dolls and clothing, (not clothing for dolls). The pastor suggested that we gather together, from the families, various contributions, such as partly-worn garments, toys, books, religious papers, etc., and make a New Year's donation to the people to whom such things would be a god-send and good as new.

The suggestion was favored, and the animated countenances and talk that followed betokened an after-meeting of unusual interest, and certainly the most practical if not the best part of our conference. Something to do, then and there, had been suggested; tongues were somehow set loose; each one seemed to have a new-born interest, each held common stock in the enterprise. Dr. Roy was consulted by the pastor as to a proper and responsible party. Meanwhile the goods began to come in, often sent by the boys or girls, who thus began to do missionary service, The pastor's wife and daughter did the packing. Picture cards were pasted in cloth folios for the little ones; old hats were trimmed; coats and vests went in, shawls, Bibles, toys, etc., till a barrel, a large sugar barrel, take notice, was crammed.

After awhile there came the address of a colored graduate of Tougaloo University, living at or near Chattanooga, whose name was marked on one end of the barrel, and the freight sent forward. After some delay, the letter of acknowledgment came, saying, "The barrel came safe. The things are just what so many of the people need, and they will go to those most in need. Accept our thanks."

This letter will be read at our next concert, which should be a thanksgiving occasion for the opportunity of doing something for the destitute, and for the discovery of a way to make a monthly concert interesting.

NOTES FROM NEW ENGLAND

Here comes a gift of five dollars from an aged friend ninety-one years old! He has contributed to the A.M.A. every year for a generation. Who will step into the place of these grand veterans when they are called from the ranks? Such examples ought to thrill younger men and untie their purse strings.

At a recent visit to Wellesley College, the great company of students listened patiently more than an hour to the story of the "American Highlanders; where they are, who they are, and what the A.M.A. is doing for them."

This interest on their part is characteristic of the intelligent people throughout New England. The churches are asking for information concerning these most interesting mountaineers, and are prayerfully considering their duty toward them. In view of this general interest, I give in these notes this month the following review of a book which I have been requested by several New England pastors to present in THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY.

The Loyal Mountaineers of Tennessee. By Thomas William Humes, S.T.D. Ogden Brothers & Co.: Knoxville, Tenn.

Another interesting book on the Mountain people of the South. Those who are familiar with the mountain missions of the A.M.A. will hail this new volume with special delight. Those who read it will understand better the magnitude and importance of this great field into which the A.M.A. has pushed out its vanguard, and the necessity of following up these advances with a solid phalanx of intelligent and enthusiastic missionaries. This historical sketch brings prominently before us the heroic manhood of these American Highlanders during the years of bitter and systematic persecution by the rebel government. There is stuff in these Highland chieftains and their clans!

Three facts that stand out from the pages of this history must intensify our interest in these American Highlanders. One, the systematic and brutal outrages inflicted upon them by the rebel authorities and their heroic endurance; second, their unimpeachable and unswerving loyalty to the country; third, the tremendous debt the loyal Christian people of the North owe them. Take the following order issued by J.P. Benjamin, Secretary of War, November 25, 1861, which appears on the 140th page of this book;

"First. All such as can be identified in having been engaged in bridge-burning are to be tried summarily by drum-head court martial, and, if found guilty, executed on the spot by hanging. It would be well to leave their bodies hanging in the vicinity of the burned bridges."

The State had voted in February, by sixty thousand majority, to remain loyal to the Union. These Highlanders had sought to save their section of the State from rebellion, and to defend their cabin homes from outrage and butchery. In doing so, they had burned bridges, and for this the government at Richmond deliberately instructs its army officers to hold a mock trial, to hang, and to brutally expose the bodies of those who had been executed, so that surviving friends would have to look upon these sickening horrors! It seems almost impossible that any man could deliberately perpetrate such monstrous cruelties. But the order was issued by the rebel government and carried into effect. Indeed, the brutalities went even farther than this. In December, 1861, two men by the name of Harmon, father and son, were hanged. Only one gallows was provided, and the authorities compelled the father to stand by and see his own son pass through the horrors of strangulation while awaiting his own execution. (Page 151).

The diary of Parson Brownlow, from which abundant quotations are given in this volume, furnishes many similar instances of cruelty perpetrated against these loyal mountaineers; but they were true to the flag from beginning to end. They left their homes, and camped in the forests and "down the coves" of their own wild mountains. Parson Brownlow encamped for days in concealment in Tuckaleeche and Wear's Coves in the great Smoky Mountains. Had fair and honorable means been used, these loyal mountaineers would have saved Tennessee from that disgraceful chapter in her history which records the dark story of her treason. This book must stir the patriotism and Christian enthusiasm of every one who reads it. It ought to lead us to make genuine sacrifices to show our appreciation of their supreme devotion to the country by sending to this Mountain Work, opened by the A.M.A., generously of men and of means.

ENGLISH AS IT IS NOT TAUGHT

He didn't crack a smile.

I feel many gratitudes to you.

His forgiven name is John.

Help us to bring forth meats for our repentance.

I won't fool with the Lord no more.

Help us to pray as the Republican did, "God be merciful to me a sinner."

At one of our schools, students had been learning the Beatitudes to recite at the table, and one Sunday they were asked to write the meaning in their own language. One wrote, "To be poor in spirit means weak but willing." Another, "Poor in spirit means that a person who has religion and don't make a great to-do over it, has as much as one who cuts up over theirs." ("Cutting up" means the noisy demonstrations in meeting).

A pupil gives us the following insight into the precise appearance of the beings of the future world. "An angel is two lines which intend to meet," in response to the question, "What is an angle?"

According to one of our growing historians here, Gen. Gage, of Revolutionary fame, didn't altogether believe in the then existing styles, for we were told the other day, that, "Gage, learning that there were millinery stores at Concord, at once sent a force to destroy them."

CLIPPINGS

The only colored daily paper in America is printed at Columbus, Ga. It is a four column folio, neat in make-up and well edited.

COLORED EXHIBITIONS TO THE FRONT.—At the recent Virginia Exposition Mr. J.C. Farley, the colored photographer, was awarded the first premium for his work, for which he is to receive a diploma and medal. Our esteemed townsman has entered a new field and ascended to the topmost round of the ladder at one bound.

A COLORED PRIZE WINNER.—Give a colored man a fair show and he is certain to give a good account of himself. One of the notable college contests in Illinois is known as the Swan Oratorical Contest, and is held annually at Lombard University, at Galesburg. This contest was held Thursday night of last week. The first prize was awarded to Burt Wilson, a colored student, who lives at Galesburg, and is one of the most promising scholars in the university. His oration is said to have been an unusually brilliant effort.

WHAT THE NEGRO HAS DONE.—In the South there are now 16,000 colored teachers, 1,000,000 pupils, 17,000 in the male and female high schools, and 3,000,000 worshipers in the churches. There are sixty normal schools, fifty colleges and universities, and twenty-five theological seminaries. The colored people pay taxes on nearly $200,000,000 worth of property valuation. This is a wonderful showing for a race that has two hundred years of slavery and four thousand years of barbarism back of it; it needs no silent sympathy or patient waiting, when in twenty years it makes such a showing. American generosity has done for the South in twenty years what statesmanship has failed to do in over a century; but generosity should not be depended upon, as even that can reach a limit.