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2018
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In the following sentences the adjective clauses are all printed in italics. Determine whether they modify the subject or the object, the predicate complement or the object of the preposition.
1. In that moment when he saw the light he joined our cause.
2. Other men are lenses through which we read our own minds.
3. This is perhaps the reason why we are unable to agree.
4. He that loveth maketh his own the grandeur that he loves.
5. The other terror that scares us from self-trust is our consistency.
6. There is a popular fable of a sot who was picked up dead drunk in the street, carried to the Duke's house, washed and dressed and laid in the Duke's bed, and, on his waking, treated with all ceremony like a duke and assured that he had been insane.
7. He who would gather immortal palms must not be hindered by the name of goodness, but must explore if it be goodness.
8. Superstition, who is the mother of fear and faith, still rules many people.
9. We are looking for the time when the useful shall be the honorable.
10. He who enslaves another cannot be free.
11. He who attacks the right assaults himself.
12. The force that is in every atom and every star, in everything that grows and thinks, that hopes and suffers, is the only possible God.
13. He who adds to the sum of human misery is a blasphemer.
14. The grandest ambition that can enter the soul is the desire to know the truth.
ADVERB CLAUSES
447. The third kind of clause which we may use in a complex sentence is the adverb clause.
An adverb clause is a clause which takes the place of an adverb. It may modify a verb, an adjective, or an adverb. We studied adverb clauses in lesson 21 and we found eight classes of adverb clauses, expressing time, place, cause or reason, manner, comparison, condition, purpose and result. For example:
1. Adverb clause of time: No man is truly free until all are free.
2. Adverb clause of place: We must live where we can find work.
3. Adverb clause expressing cause or reason: We lost the strike because the men were not class-conscious.
4. Adverb clause of manner: We must work as if the result depended entirely upon us.
5. Adverb clause of comparison: The working class must become more class-conscious than it is today.
6. Adverb clause of condition: We will continue to be exploited if we do not demand our rights.
7. Adverb clause expressing purpose: We must read the labor press in order that we may know the truth concerning conditions.
8. Adverb clause expressing result: The battle raged so furiously that thousands were slain.
ANALYZING COMPLEX SENTENCES
448. To analyze a complex sentence; that is, to break it up into its different parts—treat the sentence first as a whole, then find the simple subject and the simple predicate. If a noun clause is the subject, treat it first as a noun. Treat adjective clauses as adjectives modifying certain words and the adverb clauses as adverbs modifying certain words.
In other words, analyze the sentence first as a simple sentence with dependent clauses considered as modifying words; then analyze each dependent clause as though it were a simple sentence. Make an outline like the following and use it in your analysis of the sentence. Let us take this sentence and analyze it:
Conscious solidarity in the ranks would give the working class of the world, now, in our day, the freedom which they seek.
Simple subject, solidarity.
Simple predicate, would give.
Modifiers of the subject:
Adjective, conscious.
Adjective phrase, in the ranks.
Adjective clause, (none).
Complete subject, Conscious solidarity in the ranks.
Modifiers of the predicate:
Adverb, now.
Adverb phrase, in our day.
Adverb clause, (none).
Direct object, freedom.
Modifiers of direct object:
Adjective, the.
Adjective phrase, (none).
Adjective clause, which they seek,
Indirect object, class.
Modifiers of indirect object:
Adjectives, the, working.
Adjective phrase, of the world.
1. In that moment when he saw the light he joined our cause.
2. Other men are lenses through which we read our own minds.
3. This is perhaps the reason why we are unable to agree.
4. He that loveth maketh his own the grandeur that he loves.
5. The other terror that scares us from self-trust is our consistency.
6. There is a popular fable of a sot who was picked up dead drunk in the street, carried to the Duke's house, washed and dressed and laid in the Duke's bed, and, on his waking, treated with all ceremony like a duke and assured that he had been insane.
7. He who would gather immortal palms must not be hindered by the name of goodness, but must explore if it be goodness.
8. Superstition, who is the mother of fear and faith, still rules many people.
9. We are looking for the time when the useful shall be the honorable.
10. He who enslaves another cannot be free.
11. He who attacks the right assaults himself.
12. The force that is in every atom and every star, in everything that grows and thinks, that hopes and suffers, is the only possible God.
13. He who adds to the sum of human misery is a blasphemer.
14. The grandest ambition that can enter the soul is the desire to know the truth.
ADVERB CLAUSES
447. The third kind of clause which we may use in a complex sentence is the adverb clause.
An adverb clause is a clause which takes the place of an adverb. It may modify a verb, an adjective, or an adverb. We studied adverb clauses in lesson 21 and we found eight classes of adverb clauses, expressing time, place, cause or reason, manner, comparison, condition, purpose and result. For example:
1. Adverb clause of time: No man is truly free until all are free.
2. Adverb clause of place: We must live where we can find work.
3. Adverb clause expressing cause or reason: We lost the strike because the men were not class-conscious.
4. Adverb clause of manner: We must work as if the result depended entirely upon us.
5. Adverb clause of comparison: The working class must become more class-conscious than it is today.
6. Adverb clause of condition: We will continue to be exploited if we do not demand our rights.
7. Adverb clause expressing purpose: We must read the labor press in order that we may know the truth concerning conditions.
8. Adverb clause expressing result: The battle raged so furiously that thousands were slain.
ANALYZING COMPLEX SENTENCES
448. To analyze a complex sentence; that is, to break it up into its different parts—treat the sentence first as a whole, then find the simple subject and the simple predicate. If a noun clause is the subject, treat it first as a noun. Treat adjective clauses as adjectives modifying certain words and the adverb clauses as adverbs modifying certain words.
In other words, analyze the sentence first as a simple sentence with dependent clauses considered as modifying words; then analyze each dependent clause as though it were a simple sentence. Make an outline like the following and use it in your analysis of the sentence. Let us take this sentence and analyze it:
Conscious solidarity in the ranks would give the working class of the world, now, in our day, the freedom which they seek.
Simple subject, solidarity.
Simple predicate, would give.
Modifiers of the subject:
Adjective, conscious.
Adjective phrase, in the ranks.
Adjective clause, (none).
Complete subject, Conscious solidarity in the ranks.
Modifiers of the predicate:
Adverb, now.
Adverb phrase, in our day.
Adverb clause, (none).
Direct object, freedom.
Modifiers of direct object:
Adjective, the.
Adjective phrase, (none).
Adjective clause, which they seek,
Indirect object, class.
Modifiers of indirect object:
Adjectives, the, working.
Adjective phrase, of the world.
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