English Grammar with Kudjo. Part 4. Понятная и забавная грамматика для детей и взрослых

Это было странно еще и потому, что рядом с горой собаки совсем не ощущали никакую угрозу, наоборот, от нее исходило какое-то спокойствие и безмятежность.

Когда Чилли и Кит вернулись с рюкзаком полным грибов и орехов, собаки уже крепко спали, спрятавшись в высокой траве. Рыси нигде не было видно…

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Unit 6

Adverbs

The main difference between adverbs and adjectives is that adjectives are used to describe nouns while adverbs are used to describe verbs, participles, adjectives, other adverbs or whole sentences: The view was incredible. It was incredibly picturesque.

We can say adjectives answer the question what kind? and adverbs answer the questions how? or in what way? (adverbs of manner) where? (adverbs of place), when? (adverbs of time), how much/to what extent? (adverbs of degree) or how often (adverbs of frequency). There are also sentence adverbs (probably, maybe, etc.) and relative adverbs (where, why, when).

A lynx is a (what kind?)graceful animal. adjective

It moves (how?)gracefully. Adverb

Remember that we use adjectives (NOT ADVERBS) after some verbs, especially be, become, appear, look, feel, seem, smell, sound, taste etc.

EXERCISE 1

Complete each sentence using a word from the box. Sometimes you need the adjective and sometimes the adverb:

1 When the dogs weren’t able to find the lynx anywhere around, they found her behaviour strangely / strange.

2 They were really / real fed up with all the recent / recently mysteries and decided not to look for the lynx.

3 Kit didn’t look happy / happily about it but he didn’t say anything.

4 Their lunch break was unexpectedly / unexpected long and it was getting dark / darkly so quick / quickly that the team moved to the mountain.

5 In the evening sun the mount looked even more mysterious / mysteriously and magnificent / magnificently.

6 When Luna touched it carefully / careful, she yelped with surprise – it felt freezing / freezingly cold.

7 The dogs went around the mountain cautiously / cautious but didn’t find any slit or crack to get into.

8 Feeling confused / confusedly, the friends sat at the foot of this mount-tower to give it a good / well think.

9 At this moment the lynx suddenly / sudden popped up out of nowhere.

10 She looked calm / calmly as if she hadn’t disappeared at all.

FORMING ADVERBS

A lot of adjectives can be turned into adverbs by adding the ending —LY: bad – badly, perfect – perfectly, sudden – suddenly

For adjectives that already end in —Y, we change the y to i:angry – angrily, happy – happily

For adjectives ending in -IC, we add -ally: drastic – drastically, frantic – frantically

For adjectives that end in —LE, we change the e to y: subtle – subtly, terrible – terribly

But for other adjectives ending in —E, we keep the e:rude – rudely, brave – bravely

If an adjective already ends in -LY((elderly, fatherly, friendly, lively, lonely, lovely, motherly, silly, ugly, etc) we don’t double -LY, we usually say in a ***** way/manner/fashion:

The lynx behaved in a friendly way. She spoke in a lively manner.

If adjectives end in —ED, we usually can’t add —LY, so again we use either the structure in a ***** way or a preposition (mostly in or from) and a related noun: Luna and Cuba lay down in an exhausted way. They lay down from exhaustion.

Some adjectives ending in —ED can become adverbs with —LY:excitedly, hurriedly, repeatedly, unexpectedly, supposedly, confusedly

As for adjectives ending in —ING, many of these can be turned into adverbs: The lynx was charmingly graceful.

Some adverbs have the same form as adjectives: big, cheap*, clean*, clear*, close*, cold, daily, dead, dear*, deep, direct, dirty, early, easy, extra, far, fast, fine*, free, hard, high, hourly, inside, kindly, last, late, long, loud*, low, monthly, past, quick*, quiet*, right, slow*, straight, sure, thin*, thick, tight, weekly, wide, wrong, yearly etc.

The adverbs with an asterisk (*) can be found with -Iy without a difference in meaning, but then they are more formal:

The dogs walked slow (informal) Kit walked slowly. (formal)

EXERCISE 2

Form adverbs from the following adjectives:

1 delicate —

2 logical —

3 serious —

4 cosy —

5 dramatic —

6 horrible —

7 scarce —

8 lovely —

9 quiet —

10 ugly —

ADVERBS WITH TWO FORMS

Some adverbs have two forms – one with -LY and one without – which actually have different meanings.