Method in the Study of Totemism

Totemism and Exogamy, vol. iii. pp. 309-311.

12

F. G. Speck, Ethnology of the Yuchi Indians, Philadelphia, 1909, pp. 70 sq. Totemism and Exogamy, vol. iv. p. 312, cf. vol. iii. p. 181.

13

That is, the matrimonial classes, eight in all, are divided into two sets of four each, but these sets are nameless.

14

L. A. Morgan, League of the Iroquois, pp. 79-83.

15

I may be permitted to note that these four Tsimshian clans look, to me, as if they had originally been two pairs of phratries. We find a parallel Australian case in the Narran-ga tribe of York's peninsula in South Victoria. Here Mr. Howitt gives us the "classes" (his term for phratries):

Each of these four main divisions had totem kins within it, and, as usual, the same totem (all are animals) never occurred in more than one main division. (Howitt, N.T.S.E.A. p. 130.) In precisely the same way "crests" of animal name occur in each of the four Tsimshian "clans":

These "crests," thus arranged, no crest in more than one clan (or phratry?) look like old totems in the two pairs of clans, or, as I suspect, of phratries. The Australian parallel corroborates the view that the Tsimshian "clans" have been phratries.

16

J. A. F. p. 187. quoting "Swanton 26th B. E. R., 1904-1905, p. 423."

17

Ibid. p. 229.

18

The truth seems to be that Mr. Goldenweizer (p. 189) misquotes Mr. Swanton, who (26th B. E. R. p. 423) is speaking, not of the Tsimshian but of the Haida. In his p. 190 Mr. Goldenweizer is quoting Dr. Boas, Annual Archaeological Report, Toronto, 1905, pp. 235-249.

19

Thomas, Kinship and Marriage in Australia.

20

T. and E., vol. iii. p. 266, note 1.

21

T. and E., vol. iii. p. 266, note I.

22

Secret of the Totem, pp. 164-170

23

J. A. F. p. 186.

24

J. A. F. p. 190.

25

J. A. F. pp. 190-225.

26

T. and E., vol. iii. p. 266, note 1.

27

Quoted, T. and E., vol. iii. p. 281.

28

T. and E., vol. iii. p. 283.

29

Ber. Eth. Report, 1904-1905, pp. 400-407.

30

T. and E., vol. iii. p. 266.

31

J. A. F., p. 287.

32

R. B. E., ut supra, p. 415.

33

T. and E., vol. iii. p. 268.

34

T. and E., vol. iii. p. 269.

35