The History of Antiquity, Vol. 5 (of 6)

455

Strabo, p. 525; Diod. 17, 110; Arrian, "Anab." 7, 13.

456

Behist. 1, 13. Strabo's Νησαία (p. 509, 511), the Nisiaea of Pliny (6, 29), the Parthaunisa of Isidore of Charax, must be sought in the neighbourhood of Nishapur, which was built by Shapur II. The Avesta puts Niça between Merv and Balkh.

457

Diod. 19, 44. Alexander in eleven forced marches advanced from Ecbatana to Ragha.

458

Isid. Ch. "M. P." c. 5.

459

Mordtmann, "B. d. Bair. Akademie," 1876, s. 364.

460

Diod. 2, 13; 17, 110. The city of Baptana, which Isidore (c. 5) mentions "as situated on a mountain in Cambadene," is in any case Bagistana (Behistun).

461

Herodotus, 1, 95-101.

462

Herod. 1, 102.

463

Vol. III. 257 ff. According to the reigns which Herodotus allows to Deioces and his successors, 150 years before the overthrow of Astyages, which took place 558 B.C., i. e. 708, but, according to the total given by Herodotus – 156 years, 714 B.C.

464

Volney, "Recherches," 1, 144 ff.

465

In order to remove this objection, the dates of Deioces and Phraortes must be transposed, and the 22 years of Phraortes given to the former, the 53 years of Deioces to the latter. Phraortes would then have marched out against the Assyrians in extreme old age, and fallen in the battle.

466

Herod. 1, 96.

467

Vol. III. Bk. 4; Chaps. 1, 4, 5-8.

468

According to Von Gutschmid. Cf. supr. p. 278.

469

Vol. II. p. 319. I cannot accept the theory which Lenormant has attempted to establish on the geographical differences in the inscriptions of Shalmanesar II. and Tiglath Pilesar II. – that the Medes and Persians obtained possession of Western Iran shortly before the middle of the eighth century. "Lettres Assyriolog." and "Z. Aegypt. Spr." 1870, s. 48 ff.

470

Vol. III. 3-5.

471

Vol. III. 85.

472

Vol. III. 101.

473

Vol. III. 113.

474

Vol. III. 150.

475

Vol. III. 167.

476

That is the reason why I cannot regard the parallels which Von Gutshchmid suggests ("Neue Beiträge," s. 90 ff.) of the struggle between the Arsacids and Seleucids, and the relations between the Great Mogul and the Mahrattas, as pertinent.

477

The Patusarra of Esarhaddon might be the Patisuvari of Darius; the Pateischoreans, whom Strabo quotes among the tribes of the Persians; Von Gutschmid, loc. cit. s. 93, but in the Babylonian version of the inscription of Behistun the Pateischoreans are called Pidishuris.

478

Von Gutschmid, loc. cit. s. 88; below, c. 3.

479

Vol. III. 280. The Assyrian inscriptions are silent from 644 B.C. downwards. Von Gutschmid, "Neue Beitr." s. 89. From this silence I have concluded, and still conclude, that the liberation of the Medes took place towards 640 B.C., and moreover that the victory of the Assyrians over Phraortes, and his death in battle did not bring about a decisive change in favour of the Assyrians.