Xenoph. "Oecon." 4, 5.
404
Xenoph. "Cyri Inst." 6, 2, 11.
405
"Oecon." 4, 5.
406
Herod. 7, 40, 41, 83; 8, 113; Heraclid. Cuman. fragm. 1, ed. Müller; Xenoph. "Cyri Inst." 7, 5, 68.
407
Curtius, 3, 3, 13; Xenoph. loc. cit.
408
It is true that the population between the Euphrates and the Indus is now rated at 18,000,000 only. Kenneir, "Geograph. Memoir of Persia," p. 44-47. But the numbers of the prisoners and the slain in the inscriptions of Behistun allow us to conclude that the population of Iran was far greater. Under the Ptolemies Egypt, consisting of about 30,000 communities, counted 7,000,000 inhabitants; Diod. 1, 31. That Asia Minor was not less populous is proved, for certain districts, by the statements of Xenophon; the budget of Darius, the numbers of his army, and more especially of the army of Xerxes, the mass of troops which the younger Cyrus collects in Asia Minor and Artaxerxes in the Eastern provinces, are evidence of a tolerably dense population.
409
"Pers.," 239, 926.
410
Herod. 7, 61.
411
Herod. 7, 85; 8, 113; Xenoph. "Anab." 1, 8, 7; "Cyri Inst." 8, 8, 22; Arrian, "Anab." 3, 13.
412
Herod. 5, 49; 9, 62; Strabo, p. 734.
413
Herod. 9, 20, 22, 63, 80; Plut. "Artax." 9; Aeschyl. "Pers." 26-28.
414
Herod. 1, 134; Polyaen. "Strat." 7, 11. According to Herodotus the Sacae were in the centre at Marathon. Mardonius retains them in Thessaly with the Bactrians and Indians: Herod. 8, 113; 9, 31. In the battle at Arbela they were among the bravest: Arrian, "Anab." 3, 13.
415
Herod. 7, 64 ff.
416
Herod. 7, 82, 83; Xenoph. "Cyri Inst." 8, 1, 14.
417
Herod. 7, 81.
418
Herod. 7, 96.
419
Herod. 7, 100; Xenoph. "Cyri Inst." 8, 5, 1-16.
420
Herod. 9, 15.
421
Xenoph. "Anab." 3, 4, 35.
422
Curtius, 3, 3, 8.
423
Brisson, loc. cit. 3, c. 89.
424
Curtius, 3, 3, 14, 15; Xenoph. "Anab." 1, 9, 31.
425
Xenoph. "Anab." 1, 8; Arrian, "Anab." 3, 11.
426
Artaxerxes is on horseback in the battle of Cunaxa; Plutarch, "Artax." 10, 11, but the general custom is given in c. 6.
427
Xenoph. "Anab." 1, 10, 12. Vol. V. 172.
428