History of the Jews in Russia and Poland. Volume 3 of 3. From the Accession of Nicholas II until the Present Day
Jutrzenka ("The Dawn"), Polish-Jewish weekly in Warsaw, for the years 1861-1863.
Berg, Zapiski o polskikh zagovorakh i powstaniakh ("Memoirs concerning Polish Conspiracies and Revolutions"), St. Petersburg, 1873 [R].
"The Experiences of a Jew during the Polish Insurrection of 1863," Yevr. St., 1910, pp. 378-390.
Inquiry into the Jewish Question, Part VII, pp. 63, 70, 89, 95.
Spasovski, Zhizn i politika markiza Vyelepolskavo ("Life and Policies of Marquis Vyelepolski"), St. Petersburg, 1882 [R].
Chapter XIX
The Reaction Under Alexander II
(pp. 184-205)Spravka po yevreyskomu voprosu ("Inquiry into the Jewish Question"), Part VII, pp. 63, 70, 89, 95 [R].
Brafman, Kniga Kahala, 3d edition, St. Petersburg, 1888 [R].
"The Jewish Delegation in the Vilna Commission of 1869," Yevr. St., 1912, pp. 187 et seq.; comp. Perezhytoye, II, pp. 306 et seq. and III, pp. 385 et seq.
"The Enactments against the Jewish Dress in 1871," Yevr. St., 1912, pp. 334-338; comp. "The Struggle with the Jewish Dress," Perezhytoye, I, 2d Section, pp. 16-18.
Orshanski, "On the Nature of the Odessa Pogrom," in the collective volume Yevreyi v Rossiyi ("The Jews in Russia"), 1877, pp. 156 et seq. [R].
Margulis, "The Odessa Riots of 1871," in the collective volume Yevreyski Mir ("The Jewish World"), St. Petersburg, 1910.
Levanda, Sbornik zakonov, for the years 1865-1873.
For the additional laws for 1874-1880 see Sobranie zakonov ("Collection of Laws"), edited by the Government Senate. Comp. Systyematicheski ukazatyel literatury o yevreyakh ("A Systematic Index of the Literature dealing with the Jews"), St. Petersburg, 1892, pp. 59-60.
"Analysis of the Legislation relating to the Jews during the past Decade," Yevr. Bibl., vol. VII, 1879.
The memorandum of Nyekhludov "On the Emancipation of the Jews" is found in Spravka po yevreyskomu voprosu, Part VII, pp. 103-122; appeared also as a separate publication, St. Petersburg, 1907.
On the Municipal Statute of 1870 and on the Conscription Statute of 1874, see Spravka, Part II, pp. 127-138, 142-209.
An account of the Congress of Berlin, based on the French text of the Proceedings, Spravka, Part III, pp. 151-154; see also Yevr. Bibl., vol. VI, 1878, p. 145 et seq. [R].
On the Jews in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877, see Criticus (pen-name of S. M. Dubnow) in Voskhod, 1891, Book I, pp. 32-38.
The full proceedings of the Kutais case are found in a supplement to Yevr. Bibl., vol. VI, pp. 1-188.
Chwolson, Upotreblayut-li yevreyi khristianskuyu krov? ("Do the Jews use Christian Blood?"), 2d edition, with a reply to Kostomarov, St. Petersburg, 1879 [R].
Borissov, "Ippolit Lutostanski," Kiev, 1912 [R].
Chapter XX
The Inner Life of Russian Jewry During the Reign of Alexander II
(pp. 206-242)S. Ginzburg, "A forgotten Era," Voskhod, 1896, Books III and V.
Margulis, article on "N. I. Pirogov," in Voprosy yevreyskoy zhizni ("Questions of Jewish Life"), St. Petersburg, 1889.
Criticus (pen-name of S. M. Dubnow), "I. S. Aksakov and the Jews," Voskhod, 1887, Book II.
Dostoyevski, Yevreyski vopros ("The Jewish Question"), in his collected writings, edited by Marx, vol. XI, pp. 85-102; also in his Dnyevnik pisatyela ("The Diary of an Author," autobiographical sketches), during 1873-1877, in various places [R].
Orshanski, Yevreyi v Rossiyi ("The Jews in Russia").
Margulis, Voprosy yevreyskoy zhizni, pp. 149-195, on the Crown rabbis and teachers of the sixties.
Tarnopol, Opyt osmotrityelnoy reformy v oblasti iudaizma ("Attempt at Cautious Reforms in the Domain of Judaism"), Odessa, 1868, [R].
Gumplovich's article is found in Jutzenka ("The Dawn"), 1891, No. 19 [P].
Leon Rosenthal, Toldot Hebrat Marbe Haskalah be-Israel ("History of the Society for the Diffusion of Enlightenment among the Jews"), two volumes, St. Petersburg, 1885-1890; comp. Criticus, Voskhod, 1891, Books X-XI.
Levanda, "The Establishment of the First Periodical of Russian Jewry," Voskhod, 1881, Book VI.
The letters of Ossip Rabinovich, published in Yevr. St., 1911, p. 71 et seq.
Dubnow, "The Change of Tendencies in Jewish Journalism," in "Letters on Ancient and Modern Judaism," St. Petersburg, 1907, pp. 205-226 [R].
Frumkin, "From the History of the Revolutionary Movement among the Jews during the Seventies," Yevr. St., 1911, pp. 221 et seq., 513 et seq.
Tzinberg, "The First Socialistic Periodicals in Hebrew Literature," Perezhytoye, I, pp. 233-263.
Sosis, "Social Currents during the Period of Reforms," Yevr. St., 1914.
Mandelkern, "Micah Joseph Lebensohn," Ha-Asif, III, 1886.
Brainin, "Micah Joseph Lebensohn," Voskhod, 1902, Book III.
–, "Abraham Mapu," Warsaw, 1900 [H].
Cantor, "Gordon and His 25 years of Activity," Voskhod, 1881, Books XI-XII.
S. D. (=S. Dubnow), "The Jewish Nyekrassov" (on J. L. Gordon), Voskhod, 1884, Book VII.
Iggerot Jelag ("Letters of J. L. Gordon"), two volumes, Warsaw, 1894.
Bienstock, "A Festival in Yiddish Literature" (a biography of Abramovich), Voskhod, 1884, Book XII.
Frischmann, "Mendele Mokher Sforim," in Introduction to the collected Hebrew works of Abramovich, vol. II, Odessa, 1911.
Brainin, "Perez Smolenskin," Warsaw, 1896 [H].
M. Kahan, Me-'Ereb 'ad `Ereb, vol. I, Vilna, 1904, pp. 186-244. The same volume also contains an analysis of Lilienblum's work and of the literary currents of the seventies in general.
Gottlieb, "P. M. Smolenskin" ("Gallery of Jewish Worthies"), Part II, St. Petersburg, 1899 [R].
Lilienblum, Hattot Ne`urim ("Sins of Youth"), Vienna, 1876; also in his collected works, Cracow, 1910-1912, vol. II.
Klausner, "Moshe Leib Lilienblum" (a biographical analysis, prefacing the first volume of Lilienblum's collected works).
Hessen, "O. Rabinivich and I. Orshanski" ("Gallery of Jewish Worthies"), Part I, St. Petersburg, 1898 [R].
"Ilya Grigorievich Orshanski, an Autobiographical Sketch," Yevr. Bibl., vol. VI, pp. 1-43, St. Petersburg, 1878.
Yampolski, "Recollections of I. G. Orshanski," Yevr. St., 1911, p. 55 et seq.
Volynski, "The Portrayer of Russian Jewry" (on the stories of Levanda), Voskhod, 1888.
"From the Correspondence of L. O. Levanda," Yevr. Bibl., vols. IX-X, St. Petersburg, 1901-1903, containing also some letters from Bogrov; Comp. Yevr. St., 1913, pp. 279-281.
Wengeroff, Memoiren einer Grossmutter, vol. II, Berlin, 1910, containing valuable material for the understanding of the transition period of the fifties and sixties.
Chapter XXI
The Accession of Alexander III. and the Inauguration of Pogroms
(pp. 243-258)Razsvyet, 1881, pp. 494, 650, 653; 846, 1255-57.
Yevr. St., I. pp. 9193; II. pp. 207 ff.
Chronique du movement socialiste en Russie, 1878-1887. Byloye (historical journal), 1907, Book VI, p. 305.
Chapter XXII
The Anti-Jewish Policies of Ignatyev
(pp. 259-283)Pravityelstvyenny vyestnik (1881), No. 98.
Razsvyet, No. 19.
Yevr. St., V, p. 346.
Archives of Historical Society.
Voskhod (1881), Book V, p. 83 (II part).
Sagasty's letter, Razsvyet, 1881, p. 1105; Campos' letter, ibid., p. 1148.
"Inquiry into the Jewish question" (ed. by the Council of the United Nobility, St. Petersburg, 1910), Part II, pp. 125-126; Russian Jew. Encycl., I, pp. 826-827.
Dr. Mandelstamm's Reminiscences, Perezhitnoye, vol. IV, p. 53 et seq. (St. Petersburg, 1913).
Report of the Gubernatorial Commissions on the Jewish Question, vols. I-II, St. Petersburg, 1884.
Istoria Revolutzionnavo Dvizhenia v Rossiyi ("The History of the Revolutionary Movement in Russia"), St. Petersburg, 1906, pp. 260-262.
Die Judenpogromen in Russland, I, pp. 46-66 (Köln, 1910).
Chapter XXIII
New Measures of Oppression and Public Protests
(pp. 284-308)"Historical review of the activities of the Committee of Ministers," vol. IV, p. 183 (St. Petersburg, 1902).
Voskhod, 1903, Book III, p. 154.
Razsvyet (1882), No. 3 (supplement), and No. 4, p. 125.
Yevr. St. (1909), I. pp. 93-97.
Judische Welt (Yiddish monthly, St. Petersburg, 1912), No. 2.
Archives, Nos. 10, 12, 13, 15.
Chapter XXIV
Legislative Pogroms
(pp. 309-323)Yevr. St., I. pp. 265-267.
Russian Jew. Encycl., I, p. 829.
Historical Review of the activities of the Commission of Ministers, IV, pp. 20-21, 183.
Voskhod, 1903, Book III, p. 155.
Razsvyet, No. 20.
Razsvyet, 1882, pp. 1125, 1417.
"Diary of a Palestinian Immigrant," Voskhod Chron., 1882.
Yevr. St., 1915, pp. 100, 201 ff.
Voskhod, 1883, Book I, p. 69 (II part).
Chapter XXV
Inner Upheavals
(pp. 324-335)Razsvyet, 1882, pp. 506, 1301.
Voskhod Chron., 1882, p. 645.
Bez Illuzii ("Without Illusion"), Razsvyet, 1881, p. 1988; 1882, p. 152 ff.
Dubnow, Razsvyet, 1881, Nos. 34, 35.
Gordon, Kol Schire Jelag, I, pp. 115-116, St. Petersburg, 1884.
Dubnow, "The Question of the Day," Razsvyet, 1881, Nos. 34-35.
Hamzefot, Chto Zhe Dielat? ("What is to be done?"), Razsvyet, 1882, Nos. 2-5.
Razsvyet, 1881, Nos. 41-42, "The General Jewish Question and Palestine."
Ben-Zion (Priluker), Yevreyi Reformatory ("Jewish Reformers"), St. Petersburg, 1882.
Chapter XXVI
Increased Jewish Disabilities
(pp. 336-357)"Inquiry into the Report on the Jewish question," vol. II, pp. 20-21.
Pahlen's Commission, pp. 175, 251 et seq.
Yevr. St., I. p. 88 et seq.
Gieorgievski, Doklad po vøprosu ob obrazovani Yevreyev ("Report on the question of the Education of Jews"), St. Petersburg, 1886.
Pozner, Yevrei v Obshchey Shkolie ("Jews in Secular Schools"), St. Petersburg, 1914, pp. 58-59.
"History of Ministers' Commission" (Government publication), vol. IV, p. 433, St. Petersburg, 1902.
"Review of the Last Year" (Annual reviews of the first books of the Voskhod for 1884-1889; especially 1884, Book I, pp. 27, 30-31, 36-37; 1885, Book I, p. 47 et seq.).
Voskhod, 1891, Book II, p. 40 (II part).
Frederic, "The New Exodus," London, 1902, pp. 175, 248-252.
Frug, "Two Generals" (a page of reminiscences), Yevreyskaya Zhizn, 1915, No. 14.
Mysh, Rukovodstvo k zakonodatielstvu o Yevreyakh v Rossiyi ("Guide to the Laws about Jews in Russia"), p. 384, St. Petersburg, 1892.
Yevreyskaia Bibl., vol. IV, p. 469, St. Petersburg, 1901.
Usov, Yevreyi v Armii ("Jews in the Army"), St. Petersburg, 1911, pp. 14-92.
Chapter XXVII
Russian Reaction and Jewish Emigration
(pp. 358-377)Voskhod Chron. (1883), Nos. 19, 20; 1884, Book VI, p. 30 et seq. (II part).
Orshanski, "Review for the Last Year," Voskhod, 1884, Book II, pp. 40-49.
Pahlem Commission, pp. 78-79.
Margulis, "Reminiscences," Yevreyski Mir (1909), Book VI; Voskhod (1895), Book I, p. 50 (II part).
Pozner, Yevreyi v Vysshey Shkolie ("Jews in Higher Institutions"), p. 56.
"Russian Jews in America: Results of the Emigration Movement," Voskhod, 1890, Book X.
"Jewish Agricultural Colonies in America," Voskhod, 1891, Books I-IV.
Fornberg, Yevreyskaya Emigratzia ("Jewish Emigration"), Kiev, 1908.
Lilienblum, Derekh la-`avor Golim, Warsaw, 1893.
M. Kahan, Me-'Erev 'ad `Erev ("From Evening to Evening"), vol. II, Vilno, 1904.
Khisin, "From the Diary of a Palestinian Emigrant," Voskhod, 1889, Books I-XXII.
Sapir, "Zionism," Vilno, 1903, Yevr. St., 1915, Books I-II.
Chapter XXVIII
Judæophobia Triumphant
(pp. 378-398)H. Frederic, "The New Exodus: A Study of Israel in Russia," p. 173 (London, 1892; the author visited Russia in 1891, and heard about the Tzar's resolution from a man who saw the document).
Voskhod Chron., 1890, No. 21 (p. 528), 23 (p. 569), 30 (pp. 475, 752).
Voskhod (1891), Book I, p. 63 (II part); II, pp. 42-47.
"Judenpogromem in Russland," I, p. 119.
"Spravka k dokladu po yevreyskomu voprosu" ("Inquiry of the Report on the Jewish Question"), II, pp. 138-140.
Letters from V. Solovyev to F. Getz (St. Petersburg, 1909), pp. 27-40, 55 et seq.
Chapter XXIX
The Expulsion from Moscow
(pp. 399-413)"Mysterious References to the Work of the Councils," Voskhod Chron., 1891, No. 11, p. 288, and No. 12, p. 315.
Voskhod (1895), Book I, p. 50 (II part).
Archives of the Jew. Hist. Soc. (interview between Baron Günzburg and the Minister of Finance in September, 1891).
Weber-Kempner, La Situation des Juifs en Russie. Rapport addressé au Gouvernement des États-Unis (Paris, 1892), p. 17.
Goldovski, "Jews in Moscow."
"Beyond the Border," Voskhod (1891), Books IV-XI, pp. 5-6.
Chapter XXX
Baron Hirsch's Emigration Scheme and Unrelieved Suffering
(pp. 414-429)Istoricheski Obzor Dieyatielnosti Comitieta Ministrov ("Historical Study of the Activity of the Ministers' Committee"), vol. IV, p. 184 (St. Petersburg, 1902).
Jew. Encycl., VI, p. 415.
Russian Jew. Encycl., VI, p. 564.
Voskhod (1888), No. 2.
A. White, Jewish Colonization and the Russian Persecution, New Review, London, 1891, No. 27, August, pp. 97-105.
Voskhod, 1891, Books IV-IX.
Lietopisiets, "Beyond the Border."
Lapin, Nastoyashchiye i Budushchiye Colonisatsii v Argentinie ("The Present and Future Colonisation in Argentine"), St. Petersburg, 1894.
Fornberg, Yevreyskaya Emigratzia ("Jewish Emigration"), Kiev, 1908.
Jewish Colonisation Association Rapports de L'administration Centrale, Paris, 1891-94.
M. Kahan, Me-'Erev 'ad `Erev, I, pp. 55-118, Vilno, 1904.
Berkenheim, "Colonisation Movement," Voskhod, 1895, Books I, V, VII, XI.
Katzenelson, "The Martyrdom in the Moscow Synagogues," Yevr. St., 1909, I, pp. 175-186.
Goldovski, "Jews in Moscow," Byloye, 1907, Book IX, 161-163.
Yevr. St. (1911), IV, p. 109 et seq.
Dubnow, Novieyshaya Istoria Yevreyev ("The New History of the Jews"), p. 552 (1914 ed.).
Voskhod Chron., 1894.
VOLUME III
Chapter XXXI
The Accession of Nicholas II
(pp. 7-39)Voskhod, 1896, Book I, p. 38 (II part).
Yevr. St. (1914), VIII, p. 400.
Judenpogromen in Russland, vol. I, p. 98.
"Memoirs of the commission on the Jewish question under Plehve" (1903-1904), pp. 6-7 (not published).
Archives of Jew. Hist. Soc., coll. S. P. E., No. 134, I.
Byloye (1907), Book IX, p. 162.
Levine, Svornik Zakonov o Yevreyakh ("Collection of Laws about Jews"), St. Petersburg, 1902.
Voytanski, Yevreyi v Irkutskie ("Jews in Irkutsk"), 1915, pp. 30, 264.
Yevr. Bibl., IX, p. 467 et seq. (St. Petersburg, 1901, London ed.).
Pozner, Yevreyi v Obshchey Shkolie ("Jews in Secular Schools"), St. Petersburg, 1914, pp. 89-92, 105, 119-129, 127-129.
Budushchmost (weekly), 1902, Nos. 5-6.
Russian Jew. Encycl., IV, pp. 661-664.
Chapter XXXII
The National Awakening
(pp. 40-65)Theodor Herzl, Zionistische Schriften, vol. I, Berlin, 1905.
Friedemann, Das Leben Th. Herzl's, Berlin, 1904.
R. Gottheil, Zionism, Philadelphia, 1914.
Protokolle der Zionisten-Kongresse 1897-1901 (Die Welt, official party organ, 1897-1902, Vienna).
Voskhod (weekly), 1987-1902.
Ha-Shiloah (Ahad Ha`am's monthly), Berlin Odessa, 1896-1902.
Max Nordau, Zionistische Schriften, Köln, 1909.
Dubnow, Letters about the Old and New Judaism, St. Petersburg, 1907, pp. 164 et seq., 181 ff., 230 et seq. (The first two "letters" were translated into German, Jud. Verlag, Berlin, 1903.)
Ahad Ha'am, `Al Parashat Derakhim, vols. I-III, 1895-1904 (partly in English and partly in German translation).
J. Klausner, Dukhovny Sionisme ("Spiritual Zionism"), St. Petersburg, 1900.
Frumkin, "Sketches from the History of the Jewish Workingmen's Movement, 1885-97," Yevr. St., 1913.
Geschichte vun d. Judische Arbeiter-Bewegung in Russland (Yiddish), Geneva, 1900.
Medem, Natzionalnost i Proletariat ("Nationalism and the Proletariat") in Kastelanski's collection, Formy natzionalnavo dvizhenia v sovremiennykh gosudarstvakh ("The Forms of the National Movement in Contemporary Governments"), St. Petersburg, 1910, pp. 772 et seq.
"Bund" in Russian Jew. Encycl., vol. V, p. 93 et seq.
M. Philippson, Neueste Geschichte d. Jüdischen Bewegung, Berlin, 1911.
Borokhov, Klassovye momenty natzionalnavo voprosa ("Classic Moments of the National Question"), St. Petersburg, 1906.
J. Klausner, Novoyevreyskaya literatura ("The New Jewish Literature"), 2d edition, Odessa, 1912; M. Pines, Historie de la Litterature Judéo-Allemande, Paris, 1910.
Chapter XXXIII
The Kishinev Massacre
(pp. 66-86)Die Judenpogromen in Russland, vol. II, pp. 6-8.
Voskhod (weekly), 1903, pp. 11 et seq., 16 et seq., 18, 20, 22, 24, 25, 28, 31, 32, 33, 38.
Urusov, Zapiski Gubernatora ("A Gubernator's Memoirs"), St. Petersburg, 1907.
Chemu uchit pokushenie Dashevskavo? ("What Do We Learn from Dashevski's Temptation?"), London, 1903, edition of Molodoi Israel ("Young Israel").
Yevr. St. (1915), VIII, p. 412.
Protokoll d. VI Zionisten-Congresses, 1903.
Chlenov, Sion i Africa na Vi Congressie ("Zion and Africa at the VI Congress"), Moscow, 1905.
Dubnow, "Historical Moment," Voskhod, 1903, Nos. 21-22.
Chapter XXXIV
Continued Pogroms and the Russo-Japanese War
(pp. 87-104)Voskhod, 1905, pp. 3-35.
Memoirs of Pahlen, governor of Vilna, Geneva, 1904 ("Bund" edition).
Voskhod Booklets, 1904, IX, pp. 134 et seq., 140 et seq., 146 et seq.
Fornberg, Yevreyskaya Emigratzia ("Jewish Emigration"), p. 19, Kiev, 1908.
Chapter XXXV
The Revolution of 1905 and the Fight for Emancipation
(pp. 105-123)Voskhod, 1905, Nos. 3-35.
Chapter XXXVI
The Counter-Revolution and the October Massacre
(pp. 124-142)Voskhod, 1905, No. 47; 1906, Nos. 10, 14, 18-21, 26, 42, 47, 49, 50.
"Sources for the History of the Russian Counter-Revolution," vol. I, St. Petersburg, 1908 (Pogroms according to official documents).
Judenpogromen, vol. I, pp. 187-223, 267-327, 383-400; vol. II, pp. 8-536.
Archives of the League of Equal Rights, St. Petersburg, 1906.
Vinaver, Yevreyski Vopros v Gosudarstvyennoy Dumie ("The Jewish Question in the Duma"), in Svoboda i Ravienstvo, 1907, Nos. 2-3.
Yevreyskaya Zhizn (weekly), 1906, Nos. 25-28, 32.
L. Wolf, The Legal Sufferings of the Jews in Russia, London, 1902, pp. 49-50.
Chapter XXXVII
External Oppression and Internal Consolidation
(pp. 143-169)Formy natzionalnavo dvizhenia v sovremiennykh gosudarstvakh, St. Petersburg., 1910, pp. 399-423, 778-783.
Dubnow, "Letters," St. Petersburg, introduction and pp. 294-361.
Svoboda i Ravienstvo, 1907, Nos. 30-32, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43-45, 46.
Stenographic Reports of the Duma for 1908-1909.
"A Study of Internal Affairs," in Yevr. Mir., 1909, Book I.
Russian Jew. Encycl., vol. VII, p. 374.
J. Klausner, Novoyevreyskaya Literatura ("The New Jewish Literature"), 2d edition, Odessa, 1912.
M. Pines, Histoire de la Litterature Judéo-Allemande, Paris, 1910.
1
See on the Zemstvos, vol. II, p. 173, n. 1.
2
See vol. II, p. 246.
3
See vol. II, p. 421.
4
The Russian title for a prosecuting attorney.
5
"Our frame (of society) is not ready to receive you."
6
See on this term vol. II, p. 16, n. 1.
7
See on the meaning of this term, vol. I, p. 25, n. 1.
8
See vol. II, p. 423.
9
See vol. II, p. 424.
10
These barbarities were suspended only for a few days during that year, while the International Congress of Medicine was holding its sessions in Moscow. The police were ordered to stop these street raids upon the Jews for fear of compromising Russia in the eyes of Western Europe, since it was to be expected that the membership of the Congress would include medical celebrities with "Semitic" features.
11
The "Temporary Rules" were not given retroactive force, and those settled in the villages before the promulgation of the law of May 3, 1882, were accordingly permitted to stay there. [See vol. II, p. 311.]
12
See vol. II, p. 428 et seq.
13
According to the statistics of 1898-1901, some 150,000 Jews in Russia engaged in agrarian pursuits. Of these, 51,539 were occupied with raising corn in the colonies, 64,563 engaged in special branches of agrarian economy, 19,930 held land as owners or lessees, and 12,901 were engaged in temporary farm labor.
14
See vol. II, p. 350.
15
A pro-gymnazium is made up of the six (originally four) lower grades of a gymnazium which embraces eight grades.
16
A contemptuous nickname for Russians customary among the Poles.
17
See vol. II, p. 332.
18
After the publication of his Judenstaat, Herzl openly confessed that at the time of writing he did not know of the existence of Pinsker's "Autoemancipation."
19
The motto prefixed to Herzl's Zionistic novel Altneuland.
20
It was founded in 1889 and disbanded in 1897.
21
[See vol. II, p. 421 et seq.]
22
[Ahad Ha'am's report is embodied in the second volume of his collected essays (Berlin, 1903) under the title Tehiyyat ha-Ru'ah, "The Spiritual Revival." An English version of this article is found in Leon Simon's translation of Ahad Ha'am's essays (Jewish Publication Society of America, Philadelphia, 1912), p. 253 et seq.]
23
[A number of articles under that title appeared originally in the Russian-Jewish monthly Voskhod. They were subsequently enlarged and published in book form in 1907. The first two "Letters" were rendered into German by the translator of this volume and published in 1905 by the Jüdischer Verlag in Berlin, under the title Die Grundlagen des Nationaljudentums.]
24
See later, p. 108 et seq.
25
The ha-Shiloah was edited from 1896 to 1902 by Ahad Ha'am in Odessa, though it was published in Berlin. Beginning with 1903, it was edited by Dr. Joseph Klausner, also in Odessa.
26
['Abdut be-tok Herut, the title of one of these articles.]
27
