The Foundations of the Origin of Species

Origin, Ed. i. p. 451, vi. p. 619, on male mammæ. In the Origin he speaks certainly of the abortive mammæ of the cow giving milk, – a point which is here queried.

491

Origin, Ed. i. p. 451, vi. p. 620.

492

The case of rudimentary organs adapted to new purposes is discussed in the Origin, Ed. i. p. 451, vi. p. 620.

493

This is here stated on the authority of Sprengel; see also Origin, Ed. i. p. 452, vi. p. 621.

494

Origin, Ed. i. p. 455, vi. p. 627. In the margin R. Brown's name is given apparently as the authority for the fact.

495

Origin, Ed. i. p. 455, vi. p. 626.

496

Origin, Ed. i. p. 454, vi. p. 625.

497

In the Origin, Ed. i. p. 454, vi. p. 625, the author in referring to semi-monstrous variations adds “But I doubt whether any of these cases throw light on the origin of rudimentary organs in a state of nature.” In 1844 he was clearly more inclined to an opposite opinion.

498

Origin, Ed. i. p. 454, vi. p. 625.

499

See Origin, Ed. i. p. 454, vi. p. 625. The author there discusses monstrosities in relation to rudimentary organs, and comes to the conclusion that disuse is of more importance, giving as a reason his doubt “whether species under nature ever undergo abrupt changes.” It seems to me that in the Origin he gives more weight to the “Lamarckian factor” than he did in 1844. Huxley took the opposite view, see the Introduction.

500

Origin, Ed. i. p. 455, vi. p. 627.

501

Origin, Ed. i. p. 11, vi. p. 13, where drooping-ears of domestic animals are also given.

502

Origin, Ed. i. p. 137, vi. p. 170.

503

These words seem to have been inserted as an afterthought.

504

Origin, Ed. i. p. 444, vi. p. 611.

505

This and similar cases occur in the Origin, Ed. i. p. 452, vi. p. 621.

506

The metaphor of the dishes is given in the Essay of 1842, p. 47, note 3 (#cn_172).

507

Compare however Darwin’s later view: – “The possibility of making distinct races by crossing has been greatly exaggerated,” Origin, Ed. i. p. 20, vi. p. 23. The author’s change of opinion was no doubt partly due to his experience in breeding pigeons.

508

In the Origin, Ed. i. p. 469, vi. p. 644, Darwin makes a strong statement to this effect.

509

“A grain in the balance will determine which individual shall live and which shall die,” Origin, Ed. i. p. 467, vi. p. 642. A similar statement occurs in the 1842 Essay, p. 8, note 3 (#cn_58).

510

Thus according to the author what is now known as orthogenesis is due to selection.

511

Part II begins with Ch. IV. See the Introduction (#pgepubid00003), where the absence of division into two parts (in the Origin) is discussed.

512

In the recapitulation in the last chapter of the Origin, Ed. i. p. 475, vi. p. 651, the author does not insist on this point as the weightiest difficulty, though he does so in Ed. i. p. 299. It is possible that he had come to think less of the difficulty in question: this was certainly the case when he wrote the 6th edition, see p. 438.

513

«The following words:» The fauna changes singly «were inserted by the author, apparently to replace a doubtful erasure».

514

This question forms the subject of what is practically a section of the final chapter of the Origin (Ed. i. p. 480, vi. p. 657).

515